Rogers Communications

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Introduction Primary Market Problem

In 15 a changing regulatory environment is compelling Rogers Communications, one of Canada's largest industrial corporations, to consider the prospect of market share erosion in its cable television division. Political climate changes aside, management views increasing Internet usage among consumers as both a possible opportunity and a threat to advancing the mission of the firm to gain competitive advantage through the delivery of information and entertainment. Primarily, Rogers confronts whether to seize first-mover status and make the necessary investment to provide Internet access over the firm's own cable wires.

Introducing WAVE, or broadband Internet access to PC users with modems, in the Newmarket suburb of Toronto represents a diversification strategy for growth. Based on figures provided in the case, we derived a market size calculation (Exhibit A) used in our analyses. Rogers needs to identify project goals, and determine which marketing strategy would most likely achieve those goals. In terms of market attractiveness, launching broadband Internet access poses high entry costs partially offset by an anticipated high growth rate and the absence of competitive services. A sound launch strategy should include analyses of market segmentation variables, such as age, income, occupation, gender, lifestyle, benefits sought, usage rate, buyer readiness and loyalty. In determining a marketing strategy, Rogers should also consider relevant positioning differentiators such as reliability, customer service, price and benefits provided.

Strategy 1 The Profitability Maximization Approach

Rogers could launch service in Newmarket from a profitability approach. This option minimizes risk by targeting service to likely early adopters identified in market research, the Computer Jock segment. A fair prediction would estimate that adoption in other market segments would come at a slower rate. Thus, targeting a to Computer Jocks as technically superior service under the Rogers brand would enable Rogers to minimize initial acquisition and customer support costs associated with diversification.

Based on market segmentation, new customer forecasts for 15 illustrate penetration estimates of 75%, 0%, and 1% for the Computer Jock, Aware, and Neophyte market segments, respectively (page 1, Exhibit B). Post-demonstration surveys supports these proportional estimates. Surveys demonstrated innovators and early adopters were heavy users of the Internet. Therefore they the least price sensitive for a highly valued technologically superior service. Market segment sizes were net of churn rates that were based off of rates from cellular and local phone industries a churn rate of 5% for Computer Jocks represents users exiting Newmarket. A churn rate of 10% and 15% for the Awares and Neophytes, respectively, represented subscribers lost due to lower-priced Internet service substitutes with brand awareness (i.e. AOL, DSL, etc.).

Page of Exhibit B details the forecasted Cash Flows from Operations of the WAVE project. Cash inflows come from two sources cash from recurring monthly subscription fees and cash from one-time installation fees. Monthly subscription fees were forecasted with higher fees decreasing steadily over five years. Rogers should assume the Computer Jocks, in contrast to Awares and Neophytes, would shop for the speediest Internet access available with less regard to price. The latter segments, given adequate customer support and high quality of service, could be expected to pay less for WAVE monthly. Installation revenue should remain at $. during the rollout for the sake of consistency with the post-demonstration survey results.

Page of Exhibit B forecasts the related cash disbursements for this approach Capital Costs, Annual Operating Costs, Installation Costs, Customer Acquisition Costs, and Customer Support Costs. Market forces such as heightened demand and supplier competition should reduce the costs of ethernet cards and cable modem, thus reducing installation and capital costs for Rogers' WAVE service over the long term. Targeting service primarily to Computer Jocks should require lower customer support in the near term, based on computer jocks' penchants for independent problem solving.

Alternative 1 demonstrates a conservative WAVE rollout in terms of market share. The potential upside positive net cash flows in the fifth year of operations, with a net present value (NPV) of -$47,540.64 by the sixth year, according to pro forma cash flow (Exhibit B) estimates. In addition, Rogers would gain first-mover advantage and broader positioning flexibility in the absence of technologically equivalent competition.

Strategy The Market Share Optimization Approach

Rogers could launch Wave Service based on maximizing market share. Targeting all three market segments identified in market research would broaden the potential customer pool. However, this goal will result in high initial acquisition costs and high customer support costs. Awares and Neophytes are likely more price sensitive buyers whose lower Internet usage reduces the value of a technically superior connection. As a result, Rogers will have to spend more money in targeting, acquiring, and retaining these customers.

Page 1 of Exhibit C illustrates the estimated market penetration percentage over five years for all three segments. Notice higher customer acquisition costs and support costs increase compared to the previous approach. Another assumption in this scenario is that better customer service will be valued highly by Awares and Neophytes, thus reducing customer churn. Proportionally, Awares' and Neophytes' price sensitivity won't win over more customers than Computer Jocks, despite more customer service.

To spur demand in a wider target, monthly fees must be lower than in the previous approach. Rogers should price WAVE service at rates that are close to existing ISP fees and utility bills. With proper positioning under the Rogers brand, Awares and Neophytes should respond to a competitively priced service that offers superior service and speed. Page of Exhibit C forecasts the related cash disbursements for the project. This first mover approach may appeal to a broader segment; thus increasing market share. However, higher expenses associated with increased market penetration demonstrate Rogers will not be able to record a net gain by year 000. Pro forma cash flow estimates show a NPV of -$1,16,1 by the end of year 000.

Strategy The Market Share Optimization with Minimum Churn Approach

In this scenario Rogers can pursue increased market share with added customer support. Higher quality of customer service would likely lower the customer churn rate to 5% for all the segments in the market. Specifically, customer support cost per customer is increased to $15.00 (Exhibit D page ), which is the highest amongst all the models. Rogers would focus on building a larger customer base and appealing to price sensitive Awares and Neophytes who have low buyer readiness and usage rate. Although they may be less swayed by the technically superiority of the WAVE service, their loyalty may be gained through maximum reliability and customer service.. As a result, in this scenario expenses increase. Revenues and net cash flow numbers are remain in the red until year 000; NPV is estimated to be -$1,14,.

Recommendation

All three market approaches fail to realize a forecasted positive real or adjusted (by the proposed corporate hurdle rate of a 15% return per annum) cumulative gain within five years. Thus, we recommend delaying a launch of WAVE service in Newmarket given that it will be unable to fund itself through subscription fees within the Rogers' Board deadline of five years.

Despite lack of competition in this category, the anticipated growth rate is not enough to offset service rollout costs. We predict that due to a lack of positioning differentiators, the vast majority of potential customers are unwilling to pay a monthly subscription fee of $50 with a limit of $70 for the most avid users. Also, focus group research suggests consumers would not pay more than a $100 installation fee. These constraints make it impossible to overcome costs. The primary culprit is the high cost of the cable modem itself and other associated installation fees. Our installation cost plus cable modem projections range from $70 in 15 down to $08 in 000 for each installation. With an installation fee limit of $100 per installation, the WAVE project loses 08% to 60% for every installation.

Also, reducing installation fees won't bring Rogers closer to financial gain, due to increasing customer acquisition and support costs. It should be noted that estimated monthly service fees produce healthy gross margins after recouping installation costs. Unfortunately, this time horizon is beyond the board-mandated five years. Therefore, we recommend delaying the launch until technology improvements reduce installation costs to a more favorable level. Meantime, Rogers should conduct more market research to gain specific data on key positioning differentiators and on slicing market segments narrower. In lieu of an immediate launch, it would behoove Rogers to explore other markets; increasing the sample size may produce a market segmentation breakdown that better supports a WAVE rollout.

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The English Pattern of Thematic Progression and Chinese-English Translation

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Abstract

An English discourse, to a big degree, manages to achieve its cohesion and coherence through thematic progression in certain patterns, which, nevertheless, may not play as important a role in a Chinese text that is formally less strict but depends more on the inner logic for its fluency and integrity. Therefore, in the practice of Chinese-English translation, if one simply copies the Chines flow of the discourse, in the English version the thematic progression may become confused, and so will the English reader; on the other hand, if adaptations can be made with consideration of the English thematic progression patterns, it will certainly make a difference.

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Custom Essays on The English Pattern of Thematic Progression and Chinese-English Translation

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Every English sentence has its theme-rheme structure, which is closely linked with the themes and rhemes in the neighboring clauses so that the fluency and integrity of the discourse may be achieved. This kind of relations and variations of the themes and rhemes of the clauses in the same structure is called progression, which shows how the discourse develops until a meaningful unit of text is produced. Research shows that there are a certain number of patterns of such kind of progression that works behind the seemingly contingent discourses, and some linguists have found four basic patterns of thematic progression in English, namely

A. Common -theme mode, in which two clauses share the same theme

T1-----R1

¦

T(=T1) ---R

Tn (=T1) -----Rn

For example

The brain contains 10 billion nerve cells, making thousands of billions of connections with each other. It is the most powerful data processor we know.

B. Common -rheme mode, in which two clauses share the same rheme

T1----R1

¦

T---R(=R1)

Tn---Rn(=R1)

For example

England is a country; France is a country; Turkey is another country; Egypt, Italy, Poland are other countries.

C. Continuing mode, in which the rheme of the first sentence serves as the theme of the second.

T1-----R1

¦

T(=R1)------R

Tn(=R-1)------Rn

For example

Outside my window is a big lawn. In the middle of the lawn is a flower bed. This bed is full of daffodils.

D. Overlapping-mode, in which the theme of the first sentence serve as the rheme of the second.

T1-------R1

¦

T ---R(=T1)

Tn----Rn(=Tn-1)

The play was interesting, but I didn't enjoy it. A young man and a young woman troubled me. I turned around and looked at them, but they didn't pay any attention to me.

Actually, most texts develop in a more complicated manner, combining more than one single mode of thematic progression. Nevertheless, the general tendency to follow certain mode or modes of thematic progression in a clear way is always obvious, and this tendency is so strong to a native English speaker that it is only natural for him to expect such patterns in his reading so that he will not be confused.

On the other hand, the Chinese is different in this respect. It is a language more free in form. What serves most to keep the whole discourse cohesive is the central idea underneath the words, or, as the Chinese critics often put it, the Chinese writings may be loose in the form but they must never be loose in the spirit. So the kind of strict requirement of thematic progression in English texts are not a must in Chinese texts. Therefore, in Chinese-English translation, if this looseness in a Chinese text is transplanted into English without any adjustment, the version will very likely cause difficulties to the English reader's easy understanding.

The following is a Chinese text with its two English versions

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Version1

The Chinese nation is a big family composed of 56 nationalities. Since time immemorial,

T1 R1 T

people of all nationalities have established closely-knit political, economic and cultural links

R

and have joined hands in developing the vast land of our country. China became a huge

T R

unified country more than ,000 years ago. The deep-rooted Chinese culture became a strong

T4 R4

bond preserving ethic harmony and national unity. Solidarity and unity have been inscribed

T5 R5

in the hearts of the Chinese people as part of their national identity. Despite occasional

T6

divisions in Chinese history, ethnic harmony and national unity have remained the

R6

mainstream of the history of the Chinese nation and an important guarantee of China's

development and progress.

The thematic progression of this version might be described in chart as follows

T1---------R1

¦(?)

T-------R

¦(?)

T--------R

T4----R4

¦

T5 ------R5

¦

T6------R6

Clause tries to be connected with clause 1 through the phrase ¡°people of all nationalities in its rheme, but the connection is doubtful as this phrase is not finite and may not be able to hang on to the phrase ¡°the 56 nationalities in the rheme of the previous clause.

The connection between clause and clause is also shaky, as the theme in clause , ¡°China, and the phrase in the rheme of clause , ¡°the vast land of our country, are not in the same category, so clause seems to be talking of an irrelevant matter.

Clause has nothing to do with clause 4, which reaches back to the rheme of clause to seek coherence in its phrase ¡°closely linked political, economic and cultural links.

In addition to these dubious or false progression steps, the translator, following closely to the structure of the original, uses two marked themes, in clause and clause6, where it is not only unnecessary but also unwelcome. The use of marked thematic structure, or the thematic fronting, is an obvious divide line between English and Chinese. While it can be easily proved that this structure is of normal order in Chinese, it certainly produces some kind of unusualness to native English speakers and is used only when calling for more attention. These two phrases, though foregrounded in the original, do not try cause any extra attention to a Chinese reader. But when their positions are copied in the English version, they attract more attention, and, at the same time, by changing topics arbitrarily, affect the easy flow of information, which always try to move from the given to the new unless necessary.

Therefore, because of its failures in a good thematic progression, this version lacks fluency and integrity and is unsatisfactory in spite of its otherwise successful work.

Version

The Chinese nation is a big family composed of 56 nationalities, the people of which, since

T1' R1' T'

time immemorial, have established closely-knit political, economic and cultural links by jointly

R'

developing the country's vast land. The deep-rooted Chinese culture that made it possible for

T'

China to become a huge unified country more than ,000 years ago has served as a strong bond

R'

for ethic harmony and national unity, which have ever since remained the mainstream in the

T4' R4'

history of the Chinese nation despite occasional divisions. Ethnic solidarity and national unity

T5'

are not only inscribed in the hearts of the Chinese people as part of their national consciousness,

R5'

but also regarded by them as an important guarantee of China's development and progress.

Version has a route of development as follows

T1'-------------R1'

¦

T'--------R'

¦

T'-----------R'

¦

T4'---------R4'

¦

T5'----------R5'

It is a clear progression of themes, mostly in the continuing pattern, the last step in the common-theme pattern to achieve strength

This version is obviously an attempted improvement of the previous one, making many changes in structure to avoid the flaws in the first. The using of a relative clause as the theme of clause ' certainly establish a much clearer link with clause 1'. In order to keep this coherence, the old clause and clause 4 in the first version are combined, with clause turned into a relative clause, so that the phrase of the deep rooted Chinese culture, which used to be the theme of clause, is moved forward as the theme of the new clause, clause ', which can thus be firmly connected with the rheme of clause ' through the culture. The uneasy theme of clause 6 of version1, the foregrounded phrase ¡°despite occasional divisions in Chinese history, with the first part of its rheme, ethnic harmony and national unity has maintained the main stream of the history of the Chinese nation, has been converted into another relative clause, which makes a very good attachment to clause' and has saved much trouble. So, with these skillful adjustments in thematic progression, the version speaks loud and clear now.

A conclusion may be drawn at this point the individual clauses and sentences of a translated version might look good; however, the version as a whole may look broken and irrelevant because of the poor thematic links among clauses. Therefore the condition of thematic progression deserves as much consideration in translation as many other issues that often get more.

Bibliography

Halliday, An Introduction to Functional Grammar, 14

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Can you find influences in 1940/50's to show how Orwell formulated his initial ideas for his distopian world for "1984"

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Can you find influences in 1940/50's to show how Orwell formulated his initial ideas for his distopian world for "1984", therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Can you find influences in 1940/50's to show how Orwell formulated his initial ideas for his distopian world for "1984" paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! "Can you find influences in 140/50's to show how Orwell formulated his initial ideas for his distopian world for "184".

One of George Orwell's most controversial novels "184" is bursting with his

own views and ideas about the world in which he most distastefully lived in, and more

importantly the corruptions which enticed the world to a self-destruct position. "184"

Cheap Custom Essays on Can you find influences in 1940/50's to show how Orwell formulated his initial ideas for his distopian world for "1984"

was primarily based on Orwell's ideas and feelings in which circled his life on a day

to day basis, they appeared to be like a unwanted disease that would not leave his

thought on any account, and this could not be shown more apparently then in "184".

One of the major themes that are inflicted upon the people in Oceania is

totalitarianism. This theme runs continuously throughout the whole novel, but when it

is at its most dominance is when Winston is being created into a lover of the Party and

Big Brother, and not someone who see's it for it's true motives.

‘How many fingers, Winston?'

‘Four! Stop it, stop it! How can you go on? Four! Four!'

‘How many fingers, Winston?'

‘How many fingers, Winston?'

‘Five! Five! Five!'

The one main figure in the novel that represents totalitarianism fully is Big Brother,

us as the audience do not have any contact with him as a character and this was

purposely done, so the emphasis of the novel lies entirely on Winston's feelings and

nobody else's. If the audience got too close to other characters then it would be

impossible for Orwell to have his feelings expressed and learned intently. If there is

anyone in the world of history that Orwell depicted Big Brother on I think it would be

the legendary but feared Joseph Stalin.

(1) "Stalin was in many respects a most unlikely leader of a great nation. Physically unattractive devoid of warmth and spontaneous enthusiasm, not a good speaker and not a great thinker, Stalin failed to project any charisma at all, nor did he give the impression of being a great villain. Nevertheless, he left his mark on Soviet and world history like no other figure in this century".

I believe this indestructible figure was more closely related to Big Brother then what

had once been perceived. Big Brother was a mere figure whom had an impact on

everybody's lives, whether they realised this or not. This is proved most indefinitely

by the increasing follow ship of once ordinary people, who now have a pure hatred

towards people they have never been in contact with.

"The little sandy-haired woman gave a squeak of mingled fear and disgust. Goldstein was the renegade and backslider who once, long ago (how long ago, nobody quite remembered), had been one of the leading figures of the party,"

The process in which the people of Oceania have changed in absolutely unnerving,

they appear to be faceless objects, and the only thing they seem to be hanging on for

is the repulsive Hate week. It sounds quite simplistic in its title, but it leads motives

go deeper then Outer party members realise. In an animal state way everybody

prepares for Hate Week as an occasion that is celebrated much like we now celebrate

Christmas.

"For Hate Week. You know-the house-by-house fund. I'm treasurer for our block. We're making an all-out effort-going to put on a tremendous show. I tell you, it won't be my fault if old Victory Mansions doesn't have the biggest outfit of flags in the whole street".

The outer party members have been moulded into a finely tuned army that

hate whomever they are told to hate, and Winston finds in unbearable to believe that

one week they are at war with Eastasia, and the next they are at war with Eurasia, this

mere possibility is frustrating because it appears at the beginning he is alone in his

quest for a normal life, with accurate answers for his never ending questions, and

finally when he does find refuge in O'Brien he is betrayed, and it seems like he is

alone like he once was, and all his hope has been diminished.

" ‘At this moment, which power is Oceania at war with?'

‘When I was arrested, Oceania was at with Eastasia.'

‘With Eastasia. Good. And Oceania has always been at war with Eastasia, has it not?'

Winston drew in his breath. He opened his mouth to speak and then did not speak. He could not take his eyes away from the dial.

‘The truth, please, Winston. Your truth. Tell me what you think you remember.'

‘I remember that until only a week before I was arrested, we were not at war with Eastasia at all. We were in alliance with them. The war was against Eurasia. That had lasted for four years. Before that'"

The setting which "184" is created in was a very important technique used by

Orwell, so that his social comments could be understood more clearly, then just

reading the story. The fact that Oceania is based on the famous London can lead us as

the reader to ask many questions about Orwell's thoughts and feelings about

England's Capital. Straight from the beginning of the novel the audience is unleashed

into a gritty dusty world that we would all like to be disassociated with.

" slipped quickly through the glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him.

The hallway smelt of boiled cabbage and old rag mats"

There is a strong sense of irony in the beginning of the novel, the flats in which he

inhabits are called Victory Mansions but there is nothing Victorious about living in

the dingy infested block of down trodden flats.

() "Life is shabby, the streets of London are shabby".

The fact that Orwell uses a main capital to tell his story in, leads us into

conclusion that he obviously felt that after the war, London was turning into

something worst then it was before the war, and even though the people of England

faced a terrible war together, people where still selfish and money/power crazy;

() "Orwell had opposed a war with Germany, declaring that the British Empire was worst worse than Hitler".

The fact that London simply dismissed the war and tried to progress in being the best

in every way is highlighted by the three massive buildings in "184";

() "London is forever dominated by the skyscrapers of the Ministry of Truth, where lies are fabricated, the Ministry of Love, where prisoners are tortured by the party, and the Ministry of Plenty, which arranges strict food rationing".

The main objective of the Party is to make an elite system and population

without flaws and imperfections; however what we see in this new civilization is

selfishness and people who are brandished with blemishes that they can never be rid

off. There is even a black market that gives Winston and the reader hope that there are

still normal human beings who have wants and misfortunes.

‘Real sugar. Not saccharine, sugar. And here's a loaf of bread proper white bread, not our bloody stuff and a little pot of jam. And here's a tin of milk but look! This is the one I am really proud of. I had to wrap a bit of sacking round it, because ‘

There are many infinite reasons why this so-called supreme society has subjected

itself to the wheeling and dealings of the villains, and the main culprit is that the outer

party who would be considered the Lower class have no voice in public matters. What

is scarier is that George Orwell's pessimistic tale seems to have come true more than

we realise. It is only recently that the Prime Minister Tony Blair decided to go to war

when there were so many people against it, and no matter what they believed in they

had no real voice to which could be heard.

The community of Oceania follows a strict hierarchical institutionalised

regime, which is most closely related to the church. That is why George Orwell places

Winston as the unusual hero of this pessimistic tale of destruction. It is a hard fact that

everyone loves the underdog, so Orwell has used this fact to his advantage, and more

fittingly he has projected himself into this ungainly creature that attracts the attention

of a youthful young woman.

() "Orwell has as it were projected himself into the story in the shape of his wretched hero Winston Smith".

In every community throughout the world there are poverty stricken places,

and in Oceania there is no exception, the outer Party are fooled into believing they are

better off then they once was, and this is only because the inner party who live in

luxury do not want to be found out that they are really better of then anyone else;

"The whole atmosphere of the huge block of flats, the richness and spaciousness of everything, the unfamiliar smells of good food and good tobacco, the silent and incredibly rapid lifts sliding up and down"

I think this comes down to the fact that the inner party are completely capitalist in

their way of thinking and acting. They believe that one person should be at the top

and their only objective of living is to make as much money as they possibly can. I

think that Orwell had a more Communist way of thinking, and that everybody should

have a role to play in life, and the audience feels his pain most intently because of the

literary techniques used by Orwell. The complete sense of helplessness and loneliness

plants itself on Winston and his only target in his worthless life is to believe there is a

Brotherhood, which Goldstein leads.

"But there was a fraction of a second when their eyes met, and for as long as it took to happen Winston knew-yes, he knew! That O'Brien was thinking the same thing as himself".

Orwell was a man who believed there were many injustices in the world in

which he lived in, and I think he was quite an opionated man, but like Winston Smith

he is one single man whose opinion could not be heard vocally, so the only way he

felt that his feelings and comments could be heard was through the use of literature,

and it worked, as "184" has become a revolutionary novel that so many of us can

relate to, emotionally and politically. I think he wanted to abuse those in power and

leave a mark on the society that naively surrounded him.

(4)"Political writing is usually written for immediate effect rather than long-term scrutiny".

Bibliography

1. "Stalin The Glasnost revelations

Walter Laquer

. "George Orwell a personal memoir"

T.R.Fryvel

.www.kirjasto.sci.fi/gorwell.htm

4."New Casebooks, George Orwell-Contemporary Critical Essays"

Edited by Graham Holderness, Brian Loughrey and Nahem Yousef.

Please note that this sample paper on Can you find influences in 1940/50's to show how Orwell formulated his initial ideas for his distopian world for "1984" is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Can you find influences in 1940/50's to show how Orwell formulated his initial ideas for his distopian world for "1984", we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Can you find influences in 1940/50's to show how Orwell formulated his initial ideas for his distopian world for "1984" will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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ELECTRONIC RECORDS AND WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KONTORA2000

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in ELECTRONIC RECORDS AND WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KONTORA2000, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your ELECTRONIC RECORDS AND WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KONTORA2000 paper at affordable prices! KONTORA000 PURPOSE

The purpose of the information system KONTORA000 is to provide organizations with information, which is necessary to perform routine processes, planning, organizing, control and evaluation of work as well as improvement of personnel performance.

The main goal during KONTORA000 development stage was to create and implement a system, which can provide help in collecting, gathering, structuring and organizing data about the ingoing and outgoing correspondence, processed by organization. It can also be useful for other activities

· Distribute received correspondence and organize personnel work and control more effectively;

· Distribute tasks and control their fulfilment more efficiently;

· Always have comprehensive information about actual state of processes, terms, prospects, resources, etc.;

· Deliver general information about document flows and work of personnel, comparison of departments' activities and dynamics;

· Determine specific work issues, arising problems and prepare appropriate means for their solving and work improvement;

· Provide a possibility for employees to manage documents from the beginning of their preparation (document project in the preparation stage or incoming documents);

· Use the means of information systems to create connections between tasks, documents or other objects, so that full view of organizations activity can be created;

· Classify characteristics of documents and tasks;

· Encourage employees to use computer equipment more effectively.

MAIN SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

The set of system functions is variable and depends on the user's permissions (the chief of organization or department, clerk, administrator of tasks and assignments, system administrator).

The complete set of KONTORA000 functions enabled by default to the system administrator only.

System administrator may choose from a list of required functions and assign them to other system users, depending on the specific features of organizations work, users' permissions, their qualification, etc.

INFORMATION MANAGED AND USED

Information system KONTORA000 stores and manages data on organization's activities, related with business and public correspondence, tasks and assignments fulfilment, legal acts project planning and coordination.

All documents (records) created by employees or received from other organizations are stored in one database.

KONTORA000 data is stored in separate inter-related tables. Tables, depending from their purpose and character of data, are divided into the following groups

· Documents;

· Tasks, assignments;

· Visitors;

· Persons, employees, users, divisions;

· Classifiers.

Kontora000 application part called journal logs errors and illegal actions performed by system users. In this way, the supervision of the system is ensured.

This journal stores and processes data, such as

· Name of data modification operation;

· Name of the user, who modifies data;

· Number of modified record in a table;

· Additional information about modification of data;

· Exact date and time of the operation (within a precision of 1 second).

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION TO THE USERS

The main principles of information supply by Kontora000 are as follows

· Information should be relevant to the functions performed by the employee (fulfilment of assigned tasks, reporting about completed tasks, search for information, statistical review and evaluation of subordinate divisions' work, determination of prevailing information flows).

· Information to the user is provided depending from his authorization level, functions and position in the organization.

· Information to the user is provided in a convenient form (reports can be printed with a push of a button; list of documents, visitors or tasks can be customized to include all the necessary information).

WAYS OF INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION TO THE USERS

Users who have an authorization to work with Kontora000 are provided with the following information

· Full description provided in a special form of card, describing each document, letter or task, which is adequately related to other documents, tasks, resolutions, descriptions of jobs and events;

· List of documents, letters and tasks, which is based on certain selection parameters with a possibility to see full description of each record;

· Printed reports about documents, letters or tasks using certain selection of parameters;

· Administrative reports are special forms containing information on the structure of the organization, managing of documents by employees, also their authorization level and functions;

· Text or view of a document stored in the computer.

All data and functions contained in Kontora000 is available to users by using Microsoft Internet Explorer.

METHODS OF INFORMATION SEARCH AND ITS' SUPPLY TO THE USERS

The main methods of information supply to the users are as follows

· Thematic - according to the topic of documents, letters and tasks;

· Calendar - according to the document registration date or task deadlines;

· Functional - according to the user's functions defined in the system Kontora000 (centralized registration, registration of tasks, their status of completion, review of urgent problems);

· Administrative - according to the authorization level of the system users (chief of organization, the person responsible for assignment).

The main parameters for data search in the system are dates of events, senders and receivers of correspondence, keywords for text description, etc.

System user permissions must be provided according to the procedure established in design and implementation stages, taking into account individual character of the institution and its infrastructure.

UNIQUENESS OF THE SYSTEM

One of the main criteria for selecting Kontora000 technological and organizational solutions is reduction of price for technical resources and software, necessary for normal work of the system. After obtaining Kontora000, there is no need to buy expensive software user licenses.

The main feature distinguishing Kontora000, if compared it with other systems designed and used in Lithuania, is that system users in their working places can use Microsoft Internet Explorer and the data processing takes place in the server. Data stored in Kontora000 can be accessed equally well in one computer or in computer network of the whole organization, or by those registered remote users with the help of Internet.

MAIN ADVANTAGES OF KONTORA000

· Simple system management and administration. All resources, data and program updates are managed in a central server. The administrator has to administer the server, but not working places;

· Since the user cannot administer his/her working place (it is done in the server), she/he cannot cause additional problems. While using Kontora000, the user can perform only actions explicitly allowed to him by the administrator;

· Better stability of the system. To some extent the system is independent from failures caused by separate computers, network or working places. The user can access Kontora000 from each working place;

· Wide circle of users. Kontora000 can be accessed from both local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN), the latter based on Internet. With regulation of users' permissions and functions, working with Kontora000 is possible from any place in the world (where you can find Internet connection);

· All working sessions and dialogs of Kontora000 are in Lithuanian. The language of dialogs does not change regardless of working place from which the system is accessed.

The structure of Kontora000 database is very extensive and universal. This allows to migrate other systems' data to Kontora000 and to process it with the help of Kontora000.

USER QUALIFICATIONS

For successful use of Kontora000 there is no need to organize special courses for the users, because the system is based on usual requirements of office-work and work organization methods.

For the ordinary user of the system it is enough to have elementary knowledge of computer use (for example, performing Internet search). The whole work of the system is in Lithuanian. Style and form of dialogs is oriented towards usual activities of the organization and its office-workers.

Kontora000 administrator additionally has to possess knowledge about principles of classificatory used in the organization, their update possibilities, registration of system users and providing them with certain authorization level to use system resources.

Administrator of computer network (usually he supervises other informational systems of the organization) has to be familiar with Internet Information Server support functions in order to be able to check the system in case of equipment failure (loss of electricity, computer network equipment went out of order, etc.) and provide qualified description of failure to the author of the system.

Please note that this sample paper on ELECTRONIC RECORDS AND WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KONTORA2000 is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on ELECTRONIC RECORDS AND WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KONTORA2000, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on ELECTRONIC RECORDS AND WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KONTORA2000 will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Most Dangerous game

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The short story The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell is about the hunter and the hunted but later in the story it becomes ironic because it turns into a game were the hunter becomes the hunted. It turns into a chase of competition and of survival. Two sailors Rainsford and his partner Whitney sailed in to the darkness of the of sea. Their purpose was to hunt, they called it the greatest sport. They were hunters and headed to the Amazon to hunt vicious animals such as Jaguars, and tigers. They sailed to an island called Ship-Trap Island. Sailors feared this island and had curious dread of such a scarry place. The sky was filled with darkness when suddently he heard Three gun shots that were fired, and heard them again and again. Then he heard a scream while smoking a pipe when suddently the pipe fell and as he tried to reach for it he whent down into the sea were the waves swallowed his screams. Nobody could have heard him as the ocean swallowed his screams and the only chance of survival was to swim. Rainsford swam towards the screams and ended up in the Island. He walked on the shoreline and later found a place that looked like a mansion. There he met General Zaroff who bought the island to hunt. He was indeed a sporstman who invented a new sensation of the hunting game. His game was to train those men whos ships were wrecked and ended up in that island, and then provide them with food and a knife for three days. Once they were trained they were led out into the island as a head start while Zaroff chase after them and tried to hunt them down. If They survived during those three days they had won the game and they were let free but in the other case if they were found they were killed. Zaroff never lost the game so if one of the men being hunted was about to survive he would release the hounds to chased after them. Rainsford rested and the next morning had a dispute with Zaroff and told him that this hunting style was to brutal. In this argument Zaroff got mad and at this point in the story Raisford became the hunted. He was let loose into the island were he was to prepare himself for the most dangerous game of his life, the survival of the fittest. The first night was panicking and worried Rainsford as he hidded on top of a tree. The next day he set up a trap but Zaroff didnt fall for it and he almost got caught when Zaroff was right next to the bushes were Rainsford was hiding. the last day he set up a pitfall and while Zarroff and his servant were serching, his servant unfortunately fell into the pit. Rainsford got out of the Island trying to escape by swimming out into the ocean and swam back to the mansion and when Zaroff returned Rainsford switched the game around and proposed him to become the hunted. I like this short story because Rainsford was wise in making traps wich allowed Zaroff to take more time trying to find him and did them successfully wich helped him survive those three days. I also liked how the story ended it was kind of ironic the way Rainsfored changed the game around and became the hunter and Zaroff became the hunted. I thought it was a good idea because this way Zaroff would realise that his game of hunting people was wrong and this would teach him a lesson.

Please note that this sample paper on The Most Dangerous game is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Most Dangerous game, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Most Dangerous game will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Discrimination

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War

On August nd, 10 Iraqi military forces invaded and occupied

the small Arab state of Kuwait. The order was given by Iraqi

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dictatorial president Saddam Hussein. His aim was apparently to take

control Kuwait's oil reserves (despite its small size Kuwait is a huge

oil producer; it has about 10 per cent of the world's oil reserves ).

Iraq accused Kuwait, and also the United Arab Emirates, of breaking

agreements that limit oil production in the Middle East. According

to Saddam Hussein, this brought down world oil prices severely and

caused financial loss of billions of dollars in Iraq's annual revenue.

Saddam Hussein had the nearly hopeless task of justifying the

invasion. He plead the fact that Kuwait had been part of the Ottoman

province of Basra, a city in the south of Iraq. However, the Ottoman

province collapsed after World War I and today's Iraqi borders were

not created until then. There was also a further and more obvious

blunder in a bid to justify this illegal invasion. Baghdad, the

capital of Iraq, had namely recognized Kuwaiti independence in 16.

Furthermore, Hussein claimed that Kuwait had illegally pumped oil from

the Iraqi oil field of Rumaila and otherwise conspired to reduce

Iraq's essential oil income.

By invading Kuwait, Iraq succeeded in surprising the entire

world. The USA ended her policy of accommodating Saddam Hussein, which

had existed since the Iran-Iraq war. Negative attitude toward Iraq was

soon a worldwide phenomenon. The United Nations Security Council

passed 1 resolutions condemning the invasion. The ultimate decision

was to use military force if Iraq did not withdraw unconditionally

by January 15, 11. Then, when the deadline was set, it was time to

start preparing for the worst-the war. President George Bush

confronted little difficulty in winning Americans' support for the

potential war against Iraq. However, the government found it difficult

to decide upon and state one overriding reason for going to war. Was

it to oppose aggression or was it just to protect global oil supplies?

Other powers were more directly concerned as consumers of Persian Gulf

oil, but they were not as eager to commit military force, to risk

their youth in battle and to pay for the costs of the war. Critics of

President Bush continued to maintain that he was taking advantage of

the issue of energy supplies in order to manipulate the U. S. public

opinion in favor of war.

After consulting with U. S. Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney in

early August 10, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia invited American troops

onto Saudi soil. He had seen Kuwait's destiny; therefore, he wanted

protection. It was also the interest of the USA to stop any further

advantage of the Iraqi army. The deployment was called "Operation

Desert Shield." These troops were armed with light, defensive

weaponry.

On November 8, 10 President Bush announced a military buildup

to provide an offensive option, "Operation Desert Storm," to force

Iraq out of Kuwait. The preparation of the operation took two and

a half months and it involved a massive air- and sea lift. Finally, in

January 11, the U. S. Congress voted to support Security Council

resolution 660. It authorized using "all necessary means" if Iraq did

not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15. Shrugging off this final

warning, Saddam Hussein resolutely maintained the occupation of

Kuwait. The United States established a broad-based international

coalition to confront Iraq militarily and diplomatically. The

military coalition consisted of Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia,

Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt,

France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Honduras, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco,

the Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland,

Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea, Spain, Syria,

Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United

States. The war also was financed by countries which were unable

to send in troops. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait were the main donors. More

than $5 billion was pledged and received.

Before the war, it appeared obvious that Iraq would have very

little chance against the Coalition. The relative strength between the

parties was extremely unequal. The most critical difference was that

the Coalition had a total of 600 aircraft, over three times more

than Iraq's 800 aircraft. Most Arab observers thought Hussein would

not last more than six months. Lieutenant General Khalid bin Sultan,

the commander of the Arab coalition forces, gave Iraq's leader only 40

days, and repeated this prediction many times. Iraq's prospect was

dreary.

President George Bush waited two days after the UN deadline for

Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait before ordering the Coalition to begin

action against Iraq. The winds of Desert Storm began howling across

Iraq on January 17, 11, at .0 am Baghdad time. Bhagdad was bombed

fiercely by the coalition's fighter airplanes in the first night of

the war. An interesting fact is that several weeks before this, US

intelligence agents successfully inserted a computer virus into Iraqs

military computers. It was designed to disable much of Baghdads

air-defense system.

To minimize casualties, the coalition forces, under the command

of U.S. General Norman Schwarzkopf, pursued a strategy beginning with

five weeks of intensive air attacks and ending with a ground assault.

Drawing on its 1,800 planes, land- and carrier-based, the United

States flew the greatest number of sorties. The British, French, and

Saudis made up most of the rest. Besides the tremendous air power, the

coalition deployed technologically advanced weapon systems, such as

the unmanned Tomahawk cruise missile, advanced infrared targeting that

illuminated Iraqi tanks buried in the, sand and laser-guided bombs,

"smart bombs." Its use of brand new aircraft that never before had

been engaged in combat, such as British Tornados and U. S. F-117A

Stealth fighters, gave the Coalition an accuracy and firepower that

overwhelmed the Iraqi forces. The large-scale usage of air force and

latest technology made the war short and saved great numbers of

Coalition soldiers' lives.

After establishing air superiority, coalition forces disabled

Iraq's command and control centers, especially in Baghdad and Al

Bashrah. This caused the communication to fail between Baghdad and the

troops in the field. The next stage was to attack relentlessly Iraq's

infantry, which was dug in along the Saudi-Kuwaiti border, and the

elite 15,000 man Republican Guard in southeastern Iraq and northern

Kuwait. Iraq retaliated by using mobile launchers to fire Scud

missiles at Saudi Arabia and Israel, a noncombatant coalition.

Overall, Hussein's forces launched Scuds. The United States

countered this threat with Patriot antimissile missiles, called also

"Scudbusters," and commando attacks on Scud launchers.

Patriot missiles gave an engagement rate of nearly 6 per cent.

The coalition's air raids on Iraq's infantry lowered Iraqi soldiers'

morale dramatically. It is easy to sense in the following quote from

an Iraqi lieutenant's war diary the powerlessness and fear that the

soldiers felt during air attacks by the Coalition

" February 11 I was awakened this morning by the noise of an

enemy air raid. I ran and hid in the nearby trench. I had breakfast

and afterwards something indescribable happened. Two enemy planes

came toward us and began firing at us, in turn, with missiles,

machine guns, and rockets. I was almost killed. Death was a yard

away from me. The missiles, machine guns and rockets didnt let up.

One of the rockets hit and pierced our shelter, which was

penetrated by shrapnel. Over and over we said, Allah, Allah,

Allah. One tank burned and three other tanks belonging to rd

Company, which we were with, were destroyed. That was a very bad

experience. Time passed and we waited to die. The munitions dump of

the 68th Tank Battalion exploded. A cannon shell fell on one of the

soldiers positions, but, thank God, no one was there. The soldiers

were somewhere else. The attack lasted about 15 minutes, but it

seemed like a year to me. I read chapters in the Quran. How hard

it is to be killed by someone you dont know, youve never seen

and, cant confront. He is in the sky and youre on the ground. Our

ground resistance is magnificent. After the air raid, I gave

great thanks to God and joined some soldiers to ask how each of

them was. While I was doing that, another air attack began.

February at 000 hours."

The ground war began at 800 p.m. on February and lasted exactly

100 hours. This phase featured a massively successful outflanking

movement of the Iraqi forces. Schwarzkopf used a deceptive maneuver by

deploying a large number of forces as if to launch a large amphibious

landing. The Iraqis apparently anticipated that they also would be

attacked frontally and had heavily fortified those defensive

positions. Schwarzkopf instead moved the bulk of his forces west and

north in a major use of helicopters, attacking the Iraqis from their

rear. The five weeks of intensive air attack had greatly demoralized

the Iraqi front-line troops, causing wholesale desertions. Remaining

front-line forces were quickly killed or taken prisoner with minimal

coalition losses.

Iraqi front-line commanders had already lost much of their

ability to communicate with Baghdad, which made their situation even

worse. On the final night of the war, within hours of the cease-fire,

two U.S. Air force bombers dropped specially designed 5,000-pound

bombs on a command bunker fifteen miles northwest of Baghdad in a

deliberate attempt to kill Saddam Hussein. President Bushs decision

to terminate the ground war at midnight February 8, 11 was

criticized, because it allowed Baghdad to rescue a large amount of

military equipment and personnel that were later used to suppress the

postwar rebellions of its Shiite and Kurdish citizens. In his own

defense, the president asserted that the war had accomplished its

mandate. The mission, given by the Security Council, was to expel the

Iraqi forces from Kuwait and reestablish Kuwaiti independence. Bush's

decision was probably influenced by his desire to maintain coalition

unity. A particular reason was to keep on board the Arab members, who

were increasingly unhappy at the devastation inflicted on Iraqs

infrastructure and civilian population.

Iraqi representatives accepted allied terms for a provisional

truce on March and a permanent cease-fire on April 6. Iraq agreed to

pay reparations to Kuwait, reveal the location and extent of its

stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, and eliminate its

weapons of mass destruction. Subsequently, however, UN inspectors

complained that the Baghdad government was frustrating their attempts

to monitor Iraqi compliance, and UN sanctions against Iraq were kept

in place. The following chart shows total equipment and casualties of

the Gulf War. In addition, 00,000 Iraqi soldiers were wounded,

150,000 were deserted, and 60,000 were taken prisoner (an estimate of

U. S. Defense Intelligence Agency). The United States suffered 148

killed in action, 458 wounded, and 11 female combat deaths. 11 were

killed in nonhostile actions; they were mostly victims of friendly

fire.

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The Charter of Organization of American States

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Abstract

Organization of American States (OAS), international organization, created Apr. 0, 148, at Bogotá, Colombia, by agreement of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Another 17 states have subsequently joined. The OAS affirms the participating nation's commitment to common goals and respect for each nation's sovereignty. The OAS is a regional agency designed to work with the United Nations to promote peace, justice, and hemispheric solidarity; to foster economic development and to defend the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the signatory nations. The general secretariat, formerly the Pan-American Union, located in Washington, D.C, is the permanent body of the OAS. After 148, the OAS council set out to enforce the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, known as the Rio Treaty. The OAS has repeatedly opposed unilateral intervention in the affairs of member countries.

Cheap Custom Essays on The Charter of Organization of American States The OAS is an association of 5 American countries. The OAS seeks to provide for collective self-defense, regional cooperation, and the peaceful settlement of controversies. The OAS charter sets forth the groups guiding principles. These principles include a belief in the value of international law, social justice, economic cooperation, and the equality of all people. In addition, the OAS charter states that an act of aggression against one American nation is regarded as an act of aggression against all the nations in the OAS. The OAS charter has made an important impact on the participating states by enforcing the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance and to promote hemispheric unity.

The OAS functions through several bodies. Major policies are formed at annual sessions of the General Assembly. All member nations can attend, and each has one vote. Special Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs deal with urgent problems, especially those relating to defense or the maintenance of peace in the Americas. The Permanent Council, with headquarters in Washington, D.C., is the executive body of the OAS. Each member nation is represented. For convenience, diplomatic representatives in Washington serve as council members. The council supervises the General Secretariat, makes plans for General Assembly sessions, and oversees OAS administration. The secretary-general, the chief administrator of the OAS, is elected to a five-year term by the General Assembly. Specialized conferences promote inter-American cooperation. (Thomas, 68)

The Organization of American States had its early beginning at the First International Conference of American States, which met in Washington, D.C., in 188 and 180. The delegates established the International Union of American Republics, with the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics as its central office. This bureau was renamed the Pan American Union in 110. The Pan American Union became the permanent body of the OAS when it was organized in 148 at the ninth Pan-American Conference, held in Bogotá, Colombia. The organizations original charter became effective in December 151. An amended charter took effect in February 170, and the Pan American Union was renamed the General Secretariat of the OAS.

Early in 16, the Organization of American States voted to exclude Cubas Communist government from active membership. But Cuba itself remains an OAS member even though its government cannot participate in any of the organizations activities.(Han, 15)

In 165, a revolt in the Dominican Republic led the OAS to set up its first military force. Troops from six Latin American countries and the United States took part. The troops and OAS committees worked to restore order in the Dominican Republic. In 16, the OAS acted quickly to end a five-day invasion of Honduras by troops from El Salvador.(Shenin/56)

During the late 170s, the organizations main concern became human rights. The Inter-American Human Rights Commissiona specialized OAS agencyinterviewed political exiles and conducted on-site investigations of human-rights violations. The commission also issued reports about electoral fraud, illegal imprisonment, and torture and other acts of brutality.

In the 10s the region left behind the divisions of the Cold War and moved toward greater agreement and closer cooperation. The OAS Charter was reformed to reflect the hemisphere's strengthened commitment to representative democracy. In recent years the Organization has adopted landmark conventions against corruption, illegal arms trafficking and violence against women. Here are some of the Organization's priorities

The OAS been concerned with strengthening democracy through electoral observation missions to monitor more than 45 elections around the hemisphere, helping to ensure transparency and integrity of the voting process. It helps member states strengthen their electoral, municipal and legislative institutions and carry out education programs to promote democratic values and practices. (C. Thomas/8)

Special OAS missions have supported the peace process in Nicaragua, Suriname, Haiti and Guatemala. The OAS is also leading the effort to remove land mines in Central America, with the technical support of the Inter-American Defense Board. The program, which has received funding, equipment and personnel support from 1 OAS member or observer states, has resulted in the destruction of thousands of antipersonnel mines in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua.

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, based in Washington, D.C., and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, located in San Jos, Costa Rica, together provide recourse to people who have suffered human rights violations. The Commission also reports on the status of human rights in member countries and focuses attention on specific issues such as freedom of expression, the rights of indigenous peoples and women's rights.(Zacher/)

The OAS is providing technical support in economic integration efforts, working with the Inter-American Development Bank and the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean to create a Free Trade Area of the Americas agreement by 005, as mandated under the Summit of the Americas process. The OAS has paid special attention to ensuring that the concerns of smaller economies are taken into account. (Thomas/76)

The Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission works with member countries to strengthen laws, provide training in prevention programs, promote alternative development, improve law enforcement and stem the illegal trafficking of narcotics and related chemicals and arms. Acting on a mandate from the Summit of the Americas, the Commission has been developing a multilateral evaluation tool to measure the progress that individual countries and the region as a whole are making in meeting anti-drug goals.

The OAS, supported by substantial outside funding, carries out technical cooperation programs to address the needs of member's states in such areas as river basin management, biodiversity conservation, planning for global climate change and natural disaster mitigation. The OAS is also working to improve the exchange of information and citizen participation in decision-making about how to protect the environment and manage natural resources. (Stoetzer/45)

The influence of the OAS began to decline during the early 180s because of increased involvement by other international agencies in Latin-American affairs. These agencies included the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. (Han/8)

At the outset of a new century and a new millennium, the challenge is how to turn citizens' high expectations into reality. The Organization of American States (OAS) is playing a central role in working toward many of the goals that are shared by the countries of North, Central and South America and the Caribbean.(C. Thomas/) Though there hasn't been any recent effort by the OAS, there isn't much doubt that the OAS has had a lasting impact on the entire western hemisphere, by taking steps toward conquering it's goals of strengthening of hemispheric peace and security through a pro-U.S., anticommunist policy, the settling of disputes among its members, provision for collective security, and the encouraging of socioeconomic cooperation.

Citations

Han, Henry. (187). Problems and Prospects of the Organization of American States. Lang, Peter Publishing, Incorporated.

Shenin, David. (15). Organization of American States.. Transaction Publishers.

Stoetzer, Carlos. (1). The Organization of American States. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated.

Thomas, A.J., Wynen, Thomas. (165). Organization of American States. Southern Methodist University Press.

Thomas, Christopher. (18). The Organization of American States in Its 50th Year Overview of a Regional Commitment. Organization of American States.

Zacher, Mark.(17). International Conflicts and Collective Security 147-1077. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated.

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