The Problem with Affirmative Action

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in The Problem with Affirmative Action, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your The Problem with Affirmative Action paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! Affirmative action is a controversial subject. While some support the view by suggesting that it helps to level the playing field, the opposing view promotes that such programs are unfair. The point is that affirmative action is something that will not be settled just as the abortion dilemma will always have two sides. While the ideas behind affirmative action is perhaps ideal, it has dangerous implications that white males have experienced. Although affirmative action tries to level the playing field, it is not fair.

Affirmative action does not include the ever-changing face of the average American. No longer are people black or white. There is more and more intermarriage and in effect, offspring surface who cannot describe themselves as one race or another.

Also, most people go against the concept. Americans oppose racial preference in most every form, and have recommended this strongly in many opinion polls, some of these including a large number of African Americans. You would think that in a democracy, the popular vote would rule. This is also consistent with the utilitarian point of view. Central to Utilitarianism is the premise that it is ideal to achieve the greatest happiness for the greatest number (McLeish).

Another point is that affirmative action, while once important, is an obsolete concept. Things have changed. Affirmative action might have been necessary decades ago, but things are different now.

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Critics of affirmative action also claim that it results in reverse discrimination against white men who are passed over in favor black men who may not be as qualified. This is a common problem and perhaps the best case as to why affirmative action does lead to negative consequences. There have been numerous law suits filed in a variety of situations including the educational and business realms.

Although many minorities and women do support affirmative action strategies, a majority says its benefits are not worth the effects that go with it. This is a significant problem today. Many people look at minority doctors and lawyers and in the back of their minds wonder if they are really up to the job. The very bright minority member, who might have surpassed most others, is second guessed and therefore held back to an extent. An individual would be far better off with the governments mandates.

Finally, affirmative action programs create low self-esteem. The programs not only hurt the competitor who is not a minority member, but also those who are being helped. Affirmative Action is supported by individuals with good intentions, who realize that school systems around the nation are not equal. In order to help minorities who have come from poorer neighborhoods, programs to give them a push into college or a job are endorsed. While affirmative action is a good idea, the reality is that the programs do have more bad effects than positive features.

Please note that this sample paper on The Problem with Affirmative Action is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Problem with Affirmative Action, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on The Problem with Affirmative Action will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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SCience fair-Which brand of paper towel works the best

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Which Paper Towel Works the Best?

By

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

Write my Essay on SCience fair-Which brand of paper towel works the best

I INTRODUCTION

II A. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION 4

II B. MATERIALS 6

II C. METHOD 7

III A. OBSERVATIONS

III B. GRAPHS 1

IV RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS 15 V FUTURE PLANS 17

VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17

VII BIBLIOGRAPHY 18

Which Brand of Paper Towel Works the Best?

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Description

I plan to test four different brands of paper towels to see which brand is the strongest and which brand absorbs liquid the best. The brands that I will use in my experiment are Amway, Bounty, Brawny, and Green Forest (a recycled paper towel.)

B. Why I chose this project

My parents bought a case of paper towels from some friends of theirs who are Amway distributors. My grandma kept complaining that those paper towels were very cheap and tore easily. My parents claim that all paper towels are about the same. I decided to see who was correct.

C. Hypothesis

I think that Brawny will outperform the other brands in both the strength and in the absorbency categories. I think this because it feels thicker than the others and they advertise that their "Thirsty O's" make them stronger and more absorbent.

II. METHODS AND MATERIALS

A. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

How Paper towels are made

The process of making paper towels is the same way that all paper is made. Wood and other plant materials are ground up until they have separated into microscopic plant fibers. These fibers can come from brand new trees, sawmill scraps left over when larger trees are made into lumber, or from recycled fiber. When making paper towels, they typically use chemically pulped softwood fibers or recycled fibers. After the fibers are ground up, they are bleached white. The fibers are then pressed into thin sheets and dried out. Paper products can be recycled about five to seven times. After that, the fiber becomes too weak to become effective. When making two-ply paper towels, each ply is made separately and then combined using a process called embossing. This makes indentations on surface of paper towels and enables it to pick up more water.

How Paper Towels absorb water

There are two reasons why paper towels absorb water. The first is capillary action. Paper towels are loosely woven and have many spaces between the fibers. These spaces act like a sponge and trap the water. Water tends to travel up narrow channels even against gravity.

The second reason is that paper is made of cellulose. Cellulose is hydrophilic. This means it has the ability to become hydrated and, in fact, is attracted to water. The cellulose molecules can form weak bonds with water.

Researching Brands

In researching this project I went on to the Internet and read the ads for different brands of paper towels. Based on the advertising, I saw that paper towels are used for two main purposes. One purpose is to clean mirrors, glass, and counter tops. When paper towels are used for cleaning, strength is very important so that they do not tear while they are being used. The other main purpose of paper towels is to clean up spills. When paper towels are used for this, their absorbency is very important. In reading the various claims of paper towel manufacturers, each brand claims to be stronger and more absorbent than the competition. Each has reasons while they are they are better. Some focus on their strength, and their quilting or special designs. Some brands also stress how attractive they look. Several brands also claim that they absorb more quickly then the other brands. When paper towels are mainly used to clean up a spill, it is important that the paper towel can absorb a lot of liquid quickly so that less damage is done. In that case, absorbency is more important than the strength. I decided that for my experiment, I would test both strength and absorbency.

B. MATERIALS

v Paper towels Amway, Bounty, Brawny, Green Forest

v Scissors

v Water

v Medicine dropper

v Rubber band

v Glass bowl

v Pencil

v Paper

v Four rolls of quarters

v Ruler

v Large basin of room temperature water

v Stopwatch

v Two chairs

v Clothespins

v String

C. METHOD

For both the absorbency testing and the strength testing, I filled a basin with water and let it sit overnight so that it would be room temperature. I did this so that all of the water I used in testing would be the same temperature in case it made a difference. I selected three sheets of paper towel from each roll. I spaced them out at least 10 sheets apart in case there was any difference in how they were manufactured. I then began to cut each individual paper towel exactly to 5 x 7.5 cm. I did this because this was the smallest size of the paper towel and I didn't want one paper towel to be smaller because this might affect the outcome.

For the absorbency testing, I placed a sheet of paper towel on the top of a glass bowel and secured it with a rubber band. This would keep it from moving. I then filled my dropper with the room temperature water that was inside of the large basin. I held the dropper about 5cm from the paper towel. Then I dropped a drop of water onto the paper towel every two seconds to make this accurate. My mom watched to see when the first drop would fall as I counted the number of drops it took to leak through the towel. I repeated this experiment times for each brand of paper towel making sure to be as consistent as possible. I recorded my result with a pencil and paper and then I took the average of each brand of paper towel to determine which paper towel was the most absorbent.

For the strength testing, I tied two pieces of string between two chairs. The chairs were 60cm apart from each other and the string was 0cm apart. Then I took a paper towel and wet it with exactly 15ml of room temperature water. I made sure that the water completely moistened the paper towel. I attached the corners of the paper towel to the string with four clothespins. I then put quarters one at a time onto the center of the dampened paper towel. I counted how many quarters it took to finally break through the paper towel. I repeated this three times and recorded my results as well as the average number of quarters that it took to break through.

III A. OBSERVATIONS

Absorbency Testing

Paper Towel Brand # of Drops When Water Leaked

Amway

Trial 1 7 drops

Trial drops

Trial 4 drops

Average 51 drops

Bounty

Trial 1 174 drops

Trial 18 drops

Trial 15 drops

Average 18 drops

Brawny

Trial 1 7 drops

Trial 78 drops

Trail 80 drops

Average 77 drops

Green Forest

Trial 1 14

Trial 14

Trial 17

Average 170 drops

Strength Testing

Paper Towel Brand # of Quarters When Torn

Amway

Trial 1 104

Trial 171

Trial 100

Average 15 quarters

Bounty

Trial 1 10

Trial

Trial 1

Average 15 quarters

Brawny

Trail 1 18

Trial 1

Trial 11

Average 178 quarters

Green Forest

Trial 1 6

Trial 78

Trial

Average 55 quarters

III. B. GRAPHS

IV. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS

Absorbency Testing

As far as absorbency, Bounty was the best paper towel. Out of three trials, it took an average of 18 drops of water before it finally leaked through. I was surprised to see that Green Forest came in second with an average of 170 drops. If a person is looking for a paper towel with good absorbency and also wants to protect the environment, then Green Forest is a good choice because it uses all recycled materials. I was surprised to see that Brawny came in third with an average of 77 drops. It is a lot less absorbent than Bounty or Green Forest. My grandma was right about Amway. It came in last with an average of 51 drops.

Strength Testing

Once again, Bounty came in first. It was the strongest paper towel as it took an average of 15 quarters to break through the paper. Brawny did much better in the strength testing. It took an average of 178 quarters before it broke through. However, Bounty is still quite a bit better. Amway was a lot weaker than the first two brands as it took an average of 15 quarters until breaking. The weakest paper towel was Green Forest. On average, it broke through after only 55 quarters. This is probably because it was recycled. When I was doing my research, it said that paper could be recycled five to seven times before it becomes too weak to be used again. If you plan on using a paper towel mainly for scrubbing and cleaning, then Green Forest is not a good choice.

In conclusion, my hypothesis was incorrect. Bounty was the best overall paper towel as it came in first in both tests. Even though Brawny advertises "thirsty O's", these were not very effective in absorbing water. This shows that you should not believe in everything that is advertised.

V. FUTURE PLANS

In the future, I would like to test other brands of paper towels to see how the measure up to my other observations. It might also be interesting to try different types of liquid to see if that makes a difference. I also might like to use colored water to see the absorption pattern.

VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

Amato, Carol, et al. 50 Nifty Science Fair Projects Lowell House, February 1

Curtis, Neil and Greenland, Peter How Paper Is Made Lerner Publishing Group, March 1

Sweeney, Susan, L. Everything You Always wanted to Know About Recycling Vantage Press, March 1

INTENET ARTICLES

How are Paper towels made?

www.madsci.org/posts/archives/dec7/880151.Ot.r.html 1/11/00

How does paper towel absorb liquid?

www.madsci.org/posts/archives/may8/84878.Ot.r.html 1/4/00

Paper University- All about paper

www.tappi.org/paperu/all_about_paper/paperMade.htm /4/00

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Harm done to colonies due to imperialism

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on harm done to colonies due to imperialism. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality harm done to colonies due to imperialism paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in harm done to colonies due to imperialism, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your harm done to colonies due to imperialism paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! Imperialism started in the latter part of the nineteenth century, which was triggered by the Industrial Revolution. Ever since the Industrial Revolution has started, competition among European countries has increased. In order to be the strongest among the rest of the countries, a nation had to be able to adapt to the new era and to be able to compete for survival, otherwise it was viewed as the weak and would eventually be defeated by the others. Mother countries such as Britain, France, and Germany began to develop new interests for the places which met their desires. Such desires included a dependable source for raw materials, and a large army to protect its possessions and the country itself. If all of these desires were met, higher standards of living could also be obtained, as well as prestige and the continuous prosperity of the mother country. Nations began to seek places which had a good geographical location and plenty of natural resources. Once they discovered these areas, they made them their colonies. By having colonies, a large army could be established to protect the mother country and its investments; raw materials could be transported from the colonies to the mother country and thus increased production. Imperialism benefited some aspects of the colonies, but was harmful in other aspects. Some colonies gained benefits such as better transportation as a result of new built roads and railways; better education for the people in the colony as schools were built; better shelters as new houses were built to replace mud huts (in the colonies in Africa in this case) (Mitchner & Tuffs. 17. P.17). However, not all the things that happened were beneficial. As a mother country came into power and took control of a colony, the colony could lose what she originally had, such as control over her own issues. After investigating the benefits gained and the harm done to the colonies, the evidence shows that the harm done due to imperialism outweighed the benefits. For example, as India became one of Britain's colonies, the lives of the Indians were in the hands of the British and they no longer had control over their own affairs (History of India, n.d.). Britain took advantages of India as much as possible and at all cost. People who lived in the colonies of Africa were forced to adapt to a new culture, thus losing their identity (History of Africa, n.d.). Therefore, imperialism was not beneficial to the colonies for the most part.

India was one of Britain's colonies. The main reason for having India as a colony was because it had the raw materials that Britain needed to help its industrial growth. The British law forced India to supply raw materials such as tea, indigo, coffee, and silk, they also forced India to change from growing wheat to growing cotton to help Britain's own economy (History of India, n.d.). As all the materials that Britain wanted were provided by India, profits were made mostly by the British and the Indian manufacturing was forced out of business. This shows the lack of consideration for the Indians on Britain's part. They did not care about the economy of India and they only cared about the economy of Britain. Everything that the British did was for the their own good and did not think of the consequences to their actions. Imperialism was not beneficial to the colonies when most of what they had to run the economy was taken away. It was bad enough that the British destroyed the local Indian businesses, but they also made the Indians pay taxes. Since the British had control over the Indian government, the people in India could not do anything to change their own taxation system. One third of India's annual revenue was spent in Britain for Britain's own benefit and the people in India had no choice but to stand aside and let it happen. As local businesses in India were out and the people in India were taxed at the same time, it was not surprising that food shortages started to occur in India, which caused the death of over 0 million Indians (History of India, n.d.). As a result of British imperialism, harmful things were done to the Indians. Not only did the British deprive the Indians from having control over their own government and local affairs, the British drained money from India and did whatever it took to benefit herself only. The British took advantage of the fact that the Indians were defenceless against them.

Although the British who settled in India made it seem like they were trying to improve the lives of all Indians by giving them the western civilization and providing education, not all of the people in India had the same privilege. In 181, only the Indian elites were taught how to read, which was only 10 percent of the total population, and the other 0 percent of the people remained as illiterates (History of India, n.d.). The result of imperialism was not as beneficial to the people in India as the British made it seem, in a way, they provided education to Indian elites in an attempt to make them have the same beliefs and values as the British, since those privileged Indians were most likely going to become leaders in the future. By providing education to these people, Britain could make eventually English become the dominant language in India, so that the multi-lingualism of the Indian culture would slowly fade away. The attempt to change culture did not only happen to the Indians, but to most colonies in Africa as well. After the Berlin Conference in 1885, most parts in Africa were claimed by Britain, France, and Germany, the people in the colonies also had to adapt to western's way of life even when they already had their own culture (History of Africa, n.d.). Imperialism caused the people in the colonies to lose their unique way of life. The construction done in Congo by Belgium is also an example that shows a mother country did certain things to benefit herself. Belgium built new railways and roads because they needed new routes to transported the raw materials taken from the colonies, such as gold, ivory, diamonds, etc, as efficiently as possible to increase the production and the number of trades that could be made (Mitchner & Tuffs. 17. P.185). Belgium made it seem like the constructions were done to make the conditions in the Congo better, but actually, they only benefited themselves as the new routes increased the amount of trade made, which helped Belgium's economy. Congo, however, did not benefit from the new form of transportation as she did not get a share of the wealth. It was Belgium who benefited from it.

Invading foreign countries was how imperialism worked, as this was the only way to colonize a place. Britain usually ended up getting the colony that she aimed for, which was a gain for her, but the process of seizing the colony was usually not pretty. An example would be Britain's invasion in Zululand in 1877 (Mitchner & Tuffs. 17. P.188). The Zulus had no choice but to fight the modern army of Britain when they invaded, and as a result of that, most of them were killed and their own nation was divided into occupied districts. This did not only happen to the Zulus, but to the Boers who died in the Boer War too. In the Boer War, the British troops were supported by the troops from Australia, Canada and other parts of the British Empire, thus they overpowered the Boers. Because of this war, over 7000 men and 8,000 innocent women and children died (Mitchner & Tuffs. 17. P.18-10). In the history of imperialism, some colonies were stripped of culture, others were stripped of materials and money, but nothing could be worse than being killed by the mother countries that invaded their land.

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In conclusion, imperialism was not beneficial to its colonies for the most part, although sometimes the mother countries made it appear otherwise. It seemed like new facilities such as new buildings and roads built to improve the living conditions in the colonies, but in reality, the mother countries were only attempting to benefit themselves so they could become wealthier. They also did things without considering what could happen to their colonies, such as taking materials from them and creating larger industries than the ones that the colonies have, which resulted the closures of the colonies' businesses. The culture of the people who originally lived in the colony has been invaded as imperialist nations took control and attempted to spread their western ideas. The result of that was the loss of identity for the people. Not only that, they were always being treated as second-class citizens in their own country due to the cultural differences between the mother country and the colonies. Worse of all, the innocents were killed in the process of claiming a colony.

Please note that this sample paper on harm done to colonies due to imperialism is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on harm done to colonies due to imperialism, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on harm done to colonies due to imperialism will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Beowulf

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on beowulf. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality beowulf paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in beowulf, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your beowulf paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! Beowulf, A True Epic Hero

An epic hero is a man of divine ancestry, who is endowed with great courage and strength, has loyalty and generosity, speaks genuinely in prolonged speeches, is celebrated for his bold exploits, and undertakes obstacles to protect his society (Benson ). In the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf, Beowulf is depicted as the epic hero as he exemplifies all the qualities of this type of hero. However, some beg to differ, stating that he is the opposite of a hero; rather he is a ‘bully'. But if he is a ‘bully' then why does he fit the definition of a true epic hero? First, he is of noble birth and possesses supernatural strength. Beowulf also is a loyal and generous warrior who keeps both his king and his kingdom at heart. In addition, his tone is serious and his language grand. He also undertakes quests to achieve something of tremendous value to himself and his society. At the end of his quest, his people glorify him. Therefore, these characteristics make Beowulf a true epic hero.

A characteristic that Beowulf possesses that defines him as a true epic hero is that he is born of noble birth. He is the son of Ecgtheow, who married King Hrethel's only daughter. Due to his father's "abandonment and death", his maternal grandfather, King Hrethel, raised him (Benson 6). Beowulf, "being a great warrior", went to Denmark to fight (Benson 7). When he returned from Denmark, Hygelac, and Ecgtheow's brother-in-law welcomed him. With the consent of Hygelac, Beowulf went to fight Grendel. He was adhered to be sent from divine order to fight against evil and save his kingdom from subjugation when the Danes stated, "…Our Holy Father has sent him as a sign of his grace, a mark of his favor, to help us defeat Grendel and end that terror"(Beowulf 81-84). Consequently, he was seen to be of noble birth through the eyes of his people.

Another trait that defines Beowulf as a true epic hero is his supernatural strength. Indeed, "His bravery and power surpassed all mortal men" (Huppe 4). The poet described Beowulf as "…greater/And stronger than anyone anywhere in this world" (Beowulf 15-16). Because of this trait he is seen as a hero in the eyes of his fellow men. He is able to use his super-human physical strength and courage to put his people before himself. One of his fellow warriors said "out of all the men on earth, one greater/ Than has come with you" (Beowulf 47-4). Beowulf fought in numerous battles and returned victorious from all but his last. When he went to fight he was very confident and implied "…the monsters scorn of men/ is so great that he needs no weapons and fears none/ Now will I…" (Beowulf 4-44). He swum for seven nights and stopped to kill nine sea creatures in the depths of the ocean. Also, with his bare hands he ripped off the arm of Grendel, a monster that has been terrorizing the Danes for twelve years. The reason why Beowulf decided to kill Grendel without any armor is because he felt that he should have "no advantage" over Grendel, thus proving to his people that his supernatural strength in turn makes him courageous and skillful (Huppe ). This is shown when he assured the Danish Queen of defeat against Grendel

Cheap University Papers on beowulf

When we crossed the sea, my comrades

And I, I already knew that all

My purpose was this to win the good will

Of your people or die in battle, pressed

In Grendel's fierce grip. Let me live in greatness

And courage, or here in this hall welcome,

My death! (Beowulf 61-67)

His supernatural strength is also exposed when he fought Grendel's mother. He was able to slay her by slashing her neck with a giant's sword that can only be lifted by a person as strong as Beowulf.

Another quality that Beowulf possesses that defines him as a true epic hero is that he is loyal and generous to the king and his kingdom. He respected the king, he was "ever loyal" to Hyglec, his kinsmen, and to Hygd the Queen of Geats (Brodeur 17). Because of his courageous abilities and loyalty to the king he was offered many gifts such as treasures and jewelry, but he usually turned them down or gave the assets to others in the kingdom. Even when he was offered the thrown by Hygd, he still turned it down. A further example of his loyalty to the king is shown when he was given treasures by Hygd to deliver to Hygelac. Beowulf could have easily taken some of the treasures since there was an over abundance of jewels, but being an honest hero, he delivered it in full to Hygelac. Not only did Beowulf show loyalty to the king, someone of high power, but he also showed a great deal to the common people. He never cared about wealth; rather he was all about honor and giving (Brodeur 18). In fact, Beowulf's only request when he died was to have a light tower built in his name to help guide sailors in the darkness. Beowulf had set a prime example for all human beings relaying the necessity of brotherhood and friendship.

Another characteristic that exemplifies Beowulf as a true epic hero is his serious tone and grand language. He does not talk for any reason rather he has "great determination and intimidation" in his lengthy wordy speeches (Goldsmith 17). One prime example where this is shown is when he was addressing his fellow soldiers "We are Geats/ Men who follow Higlac. My father/ was a famous soldier…Forever, for as long as Herot towers/ High on your hills." (Beowulf 60-85). In this speech he was indirectly telling the soldiers to be determined in their battle and to intimidate their enemies. Another example is shown when Unferth taunted Beowulf. He claimed that once Beowulf lost a swimming match against Breca and that Beowulf will meet with defeat for a second time when he faces Grendel in the mead-hall. Beowulf responded by saying, "Ah! Unferth, my friend, your face/ Is hot with Ale, and your tongue has tried/…May enter this hall that evil will be gone!" (Beowulf 50-607). Basically in his responsive speech, Beowulf intimidated Unferth by proving that he lost victoriously because he had swum for seven days and killed nine monsters along his way. Beowulf's did not only have physical strength he also had verbal skills that he used to illustrate his heroism.

A fourth characteristic that defines Beowulf as an epic hero is he undertakes quests to achieve something of tremendous value to himself and his society. With great motives of gaining the people's respect and restoring peace to the community, Beowulf requested to journey to Herot at a time of crisis to fend off it's evil (Hume 1). He showed no sign of fear when he went into battles. He never looked back and always accomplished what he set out to do. He always explained his death wishes before going into battle and "requested to have any assets delivered to his people" (Hume 14). After some of his battles, Beowulf was crowned King of Danes. During his reign as King a fire dragon began to destroy the town that he built. In his last battle, Beowulf sought out to rid the town once again of its villain. He took the life of another monster, but this time he also died. In his last words he spoke of how he will die happy because his kingdom was now safe from harm, "I'd leave my armor to my son/…so long, if I look at this last of all prizes." (Beowulf 7-751).

A final characteristic of Beowulf that makes him a true epic hero is that his people glorify him. After slaying Grendel and Grendel's mother, he was regarded as a hero by many Thanes. He was also awarded gold and a festive feast was held for him by Heorot. Also he was given land to govern. His death was honorable as Wiglaf implied, "How often an entire country suffers/ on one man's account! That time has come to use…" (Beowulf 077-078). At his funeral Wiglaf along with seven warriors gather treasure and carried the king along with it to the Cape of Whale. A pyre was built with helmets and shields surrounding it, and it was lit. The warriors sang a dirge and an old woman wailed in sorrow, proclaiming that "the bloodshed, shame and bondage is soon going to beset the Geats" (Harris 7). For ten days, the Geats work on the barrow, burying the ash from the funeral as well as the treasure in it, till a high mound was built. Then twelve brave warriors rode around it, bemoaning the death of the king, and of their sorrow, and singing a dirge highlighting his valor, and praising him for being the kindest and gentlest of kings, and foe being "most mindful" of his glory (Harris 8).

Even though many already agree and see Beowulf is a true epic hero. There are those who see Beowulf as a ‘bully' rather then an epic hero. Two prime examples in which Beowulf is depicted as a ‘bully' are presented in John Gardner's Grendel and "Beowulf," by Richard Wilbur.

In John Gardner's Grendel, Grendel tells his side of the story. He feels useless in society and does not want to accept his given role. He states the he never set out to hurt man just understand him. He mentions that when he shows up for the first time in the mead hall he yells Mercy! Peace! (Grendel 7). No one even gives him a chance when he walks in holding a dead body and using it for protection against the drunken men swinging axes and swords at him, referring to Beowulf and his men (Grendel 8). Throughout the book, Grendel pretends to be innocent, which he is clearly not. If he was as innocent as he depicts himself to be then why would he return to a place where he does not feel accepted? The answer is because he likes to cause trouble. He tries to use the excuse that he was rejected by Beowulf and his men to justify his actions of going into the mead hall and causing distress to the common people.

Another example that depicts Beowulf as a ‘bully' rather then a hero is presented in the poem "Beowulf" by Richard Wilbur. Here Wilbur compares Grendel to a child

It was a childish country; and a child,

Grown monstrous, so besieged them in the night

That all their daytimes were a dream of fright

That it would come and own them to the bones

The hero, to his battle reconciled,

Promised to meet that monster all alone. (Wilbur 15)

After reading such a verse one automatically thinks that Beowulf is a ‘bully', since he wants to confront Grendel one on one. However, Wilbur fails to show what Grendel has done in Geatland. He does not mention that Grendel disturbed Geatland and was a threat to the kingdom. Why would someone be considered a ‘bully' if they were providing protection to their kingdom? Beowulf did what a hero would do for his kingdom and that is to protect it from any harm.

As one can clearly see, Beowulf is a true epic hero. He is of noble birth and possesses great supernatural strength. Also he speaks in a serious tone and incorporates lengthy speeches. In addition he put his people's welfare before his by undertaking quests to achieve something of significant value. At the end of his battles, his people glorify him. All of Beowulf's heroic deeds and battles make him the superhero he desires to be. Perhaps what makes Beowulf live today, forever a legend of our past, is the fact that he did die, making him a mortal being; living and dying with the people, for the people, and as a person.

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Huck Finn

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On this paper I decided to take a little different outlook then choosing one single chapter and analyzing it, I decided to write on a broader yet narrow topic, if that made sense. I am going to write about Huck's conscience towards some characters in the story, but also his own conscience towards his feelings and emotions. I am sure most people decided to go with the chapter writing, but I decided to branch off and be a little more creative by developing the thoughts of Huck Finn.

William Blake wrote, "Conscience in those that have it is unequivocal." In Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the theme, man's conflict with his conscience, is manifested through Huck Finn. Huck develops his own individual views of right and wrong. In his struggle with his morality, his insights ultimately lead him to defy social norms by freeing a runaway slave, Jim.

In the beginning of the novel, Huck Finn is portrayed as a stubborn juvenile without principle, however, when he realizes the consequences of messing with Jim's emotions, Huck's moral conscience comes into play. Huck misguides Jim by telling him that they were separated in the night by the fog and had lost the raft. Huck quickly points to the broken oars, indicating that the incident did take place. This stunt makes Jim feel uncomfortable and foolish that he would have fallen for such a childish stunt

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"…my heart wuz mos' broke bekase you wuz los', en I didn' kyer no mo' what become er me en de raf'. En when I wake up en find you back ag'in, all safe en soun', de tears come, en I could ‘a' got down on my knees en kiss yo' foot, I's so thankful. En all you wuz thinkin' ‘bout wuz how you could make a fool uv ole Jim wid a lie. Dat dah is trash; en trash is what people is dat puts dirt on de head er dey fren's en makes ‘em ashamed."

Believe it or not, Huck didn't actually mean to harm Jim's integrity. Huck feels terribly sorry afterwards that he "could almost kiss [Jim's] foot" for forgiveness. In the this society it is morally wrong for a white person to apologize to a black, much less kiss the very feet he walks on. Jim provides moral guidance to Huck by triggering his sincerity. Huck starts to realize that Jim isn't just a slave that someone owns, he is a person with the same exact feelings, thinks the same things, and bleeds the same color blood as everyone else. By Huck apologizing one can see that his view on Jim is changing each day. After Huck viewed Jim as equal, he promised not to play any tricks or jokes on Jim that would harm him emotionally, and or physically. Although Huck feels differently about Jim, and feels he is equal, it doesn't mean that he feels the same way about every other black that he comes across. This is proven in the novel when Huck's Aunt Sally asks him if the steam boat explosion took any lives, he replies, "No'm killed a nigger." Thus, it still proves that Huck feels that blacks are no equal to the white race.

More instances in the novel test out Huck's conscience to see if he is changing for the better. For example, when Huck runs into the three robbers, he and Jim grab there onl way out, a skiff. After Huck gets away he begins to realize that he is leaving men to die, "I begun to think how dreadful it was, even for murderers, to be in such a fix. I says to myself, there ain't no telling but I might come to be a murderer myself…" Huck, feeling he needed to let someone know about the robbers, informs a captain in hope that they will be rescued in time. Huck continues to show his noble side after coming across the plans of two dirty scoundrels, the King and the Duke, to betray the Wilks sisters into giving them there uncle's money.. Huck, so disgusted that "it was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race," recognizes the crime in stealing from the poor helpless girls. When he decides he can't sit back and watch anymore and that he must take things into his own hands to stop the King and the Duke, Huck finds a way to return all that is stolen. When Huck finally realizes that he needs to listen to his conscience and tell Mary Jane all that has happened, which is ironically the same time he tells a lie to help someone, Huck feels only good about himself for doing the right thing. After his experience with Mary Jane, Huck realizes that lying isn't always the only resolution, telling the truth can resolve in the same outcome. This is actually a big step for Huck, because he starts to see that telling the truth is better in the long run. Before Huck would lie and steal and not feel a slight bit terrible for his actions, but now he is realizing the bigger picture.

Huck's conscience comes into play once again when he realizes what the townspeople are going to do to the two criminals, the King and the Duke. Although Huck can't stand the constant lie's and deceits that the two are involved in, Huck makes an effort to warn them. But when he sees, he is too late. Huck sympathizes with the men realizing that "human beings can be awful cruel to one another." Regardless of how good or evil a person, Huck does not want to see anyone suffer, especially if he can stop it. Huck begins to show some light of having a good conscience.

While all of Huck's experiences illustrate maturation, none is more profound than the circumstances he has with Jim. It is those situations, in which Huck makes decisions that goes against the morals of society, but proves that his own morals are starting to come into play. The dilemma in the story is established when Miss Watson and Huck argue whether or not to turn Jim in. While Huck is pushed by society to turn Jim in, his moral conscience pushes him to keep his promise to Jim. But, when Jim starts talking how when he is free is he going to free his family to start a new life, Huck cannot help but feel at shame

"What had poor Miss Watson done to you that you could see her nigger go off right under your eyes an never say one single word? What did that poor old woman do to you that you could treat her so mean? Why, she tried to learn you your book, she tried to learn you your manners, she tried to be good to you every way she knowed how. That's what she done."

Yet, when Huck is thanked by Jim for being his only true friend, Huck decides that he would feel just as comfortable if he were to betray Jim. Thus, when the men hunting Jim arrive, Huck decides to lie to the men so he doesn't put Jim's life and freedom in danger. Huck lying to hide a slave goes against everything he has been taught, and can result in severe punishment. Huck begins to forget his individual values as he tries to pray to "Providence" for forgiveness of helping a runaway slave; however, realizes later that "you can't pray a lie." Huck then begins to think about Jim's fate, as well as his own, if he were to turn Jim in; Jim would be pissed and censured by society for being an "ungrateful nigger," and Huck would be of mixed emotions for helping free a slave. In spite of it all, Huck's social principles cause him to write a letter to Miss Watson confessing it all in an attempt to be "cleaned of sin." At first Huck isn't upset by the letter, but as he regains Jim's compassion and trust, Huck's unusual sense of right and wrong tells him not to betray Jim. After Huck finally resolves, "All right, then, I'll go to hell," he destroys the letter. Huck's remark is the most important line of the entire novel, in which he does not fall to the demands of society, instead, he sticks with what he believes, in his heart, is right. Realizing that Jim is like a father figure to Huck, Huck is willing to sacrifice himself to free Jim. By taking such risks to free Jim, Huck finally shows that his own life is equal to that of a slave. Yet, by helping Jim, Huck is guilty for what society claims to be illegal and immoral. This worries Huck because society in the South has raised him to believe that blacks are the weaker race, all slaves are property, and by not turning over a runaway slave, is committing the worst, and most dishonorable crime. Ironic as it is, Huck believes he is, indeed, sinning by helping a human being from the sufferings of slavery. What is even more ironic is, although this society values Christian beliefs, this same society allows the dehumanization of slavery.

Throughout the entire novel, Huck Finn struggles to distance himself from the beliefs of society, and to establish his own beliefs rather than turning to those set for him. In his own journey to discover right and wrong, he came across many instances that tested his conscience. The inner conflict that Huck is challenged with causes him to stand in between his individual beliefs and the beliefs of society. Jim, who can be credited for Huck's new morals, helps to cause Huck to make the right decisions and act responsibly. Huck learns, most of all, that friendship and loyalty overshadow society, and that he must trust his heart instead of social morals. Thus, it is Huck's morality that topped his selfless acts, which in the end, he discovers is inevitable, "…it don't make no difference whether you do right or wrong, a person's conscience ain't got no sense, and just goes for him anyway."

Please note that this sample paper on Huck Finn is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Huck Finn, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Huck Finn will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Heart

If you order your Cheap Custom Essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on The Heart. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality The Heart paper right on time.

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The topic I chose to do my report on is heart. The heart is an organ that pumps blood through the body. The heart is apart of the circulatory system. It distributes oxygen and nutrients to the body. It carries away carbon dioxide and other waste products. The heart is an important part of the circulatory system because it is the power supply. If the heart stops pumping blood more than a few minutes you can die.

The heart is shaped like an upside down pear. The heart is located to the left center inside the chest cavity. It is about the size of a balled up fist. The heart is made out of muscle tissue. It contracts to put through blood the whole body.

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The heart has four chambers. The upper two chambers are the right and left atria. These chambers are to receive blood. The lower two chambers are at the right and left ventricles. These chambers are powerful working chambers. A wall of tissue separates the right and left side of the heart from each other. Each side pumps blood through a different circuit of our blood vessels. The right side of the heart is accountable for pumping blood to the lungs. The left side is accountable for blood to the body.

There are four valves in the heart. They help prevent blood from going backwards. Blood flows in the direction in which the valves open. If the blood flows the opposite direction the valves will close. Two of the calves are stuck between the atria and ventricles. The right valve has three flaps of tissue. The other two valves are stuck between the ventricles and arteries. They have ½ flaps of tissue.

There are two vena cava, the pulmonary artery, the four pulmonary veins, and the aorta are major vessels. The right atrium of the upper blue vessel is the superior vena cava. It transports deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. The lower part of the blue vessels is the inferior vena cava. It makes deoxygenated blood leave fro the legs into the right atrium. In the right atrium blood passes through the right atrium where the blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery. The left and the right pulmonary arteries carries blood to the lungs. Pulmonary veins are four red veins that blood is drained from the lungs. The blood passes into the left ventricle and comes out through the aorta.

Muscle tissue wraps around tough tissue to form the walls of the heart's chambers. A tough double-layered sac surrounds the heart. The inner layer of the sac rests on top of the heart's muscle. The outer layer is close to the breastbone and helps store the heart in position. Between two layers is a water fluid that helps the layers from touching together.

The heart's duties are much than simply pumping blood throughout life. The heart must also be able to respond to the changes the body needs for oxygen. When we sleep the heart works differently.

The right and left halves of the heart are separate. Even though the both bond in unison, producing a single heartbeat. An implement known as a stethoscope is use to distinguish internal body sounds. It includes the sounds produced by the heart as it beats. Valves in the heart make the heartbeat sounds. The first heart sound is longer and lower than the second.

Please note that this sample paper on The Heart is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Heart, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on The Heart will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Animal-Human Bond: How Strong Is It? (Prison Dog Project)

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The Animal-Human Bond How Strong Is It?

"A prison inmate, a neglected shelter puppy and a disabled person on the surface, the three just do not seem to have a lot in common. However, in prisons across the United States and other countries, kindness, hard work and the desire for a productive life are connecting them"-petplace.com.

The Prison Dog programs are a good deal for the dogs, who are adopted from shelters where they would otherwise be killed. These dogs are given the ability to help others and in some cases, given a second chance at life. It is good for their disabled owners, who experience a new world of freedom with the dogs at their side. The programs can also change the lives of the inmates who are showing greater social interaction with fellow prisoners and staff and a sense of real responsibility from their participation.

In 181 Sister Pauline Quinn, a Dominican nun, began the Prison Pet Partnership Program (PPPP) at the Washington State Correctional Center for Women (WCCW). "Her belief was that the animal-human relationship could help with inmate rehabilitation. With that thought in mind, inmates at the WCCW began training special dogs that would assist disabled people"(pathwaysofhope.org).

Since that time, the program has proven to be nothing less than amazing. More than 600 dogs have been placed with the disabled since the program began at the Washington prison and new programs have been spawned around the world (pathwaystohope.org).

Numerous states have seen the benefits of the program and have decided to put together their own. Presently, there are Prison Dog Programs in Maine, Michigan, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, New York, Virginia, Washington D.C., and Washington State. In addition, Canada, England, Scotland, Australia, and South Africa have also taken part (pathwaystohope.org).

I wanted to give something back and help people who are in institutions find meaning to their life through the dog, says Sister Pauline. It gives the inmates the opportunity to become ‘other' centered while giving something back to society. People need to have purpose in their life and this gives them the chance to learn skills, to be loved unconditionally by the dog, and to give love to people who need a special dog to help them.

The programs allow the prison inmates to adopt dogs from the local animal shelters or humane societies and train them to assist the disabled, become guide dogs, and in some cases, save an unwanted dog from euthanasia.

The National Council on Pet Population Study and Policy (NCPPSP) numbers from 17 shows that

• The number of dogs entering the shelters were ,,78

• 56% of dogs that enter animal shelters are euthanized.

• 5% of dogs that enter animal shelters are adopted.

"In 186, the Prison Pet Partnership Program out of the WCCW was one of the top ten finalists for Innovations in State and Local Government recognized by the Ford Foundation and the John F. Kennedy School of Business at Harvard University" (pathwaystohope.org).

The dogs spend a good deal of time with their trainers within the prison community. To the left are some of the women inmates training the dogs to be friendly with a cat. This will be useful when the dogs are released to a new home with "different" animals.

"General H. Norman Schwarzkopf came to the WCCW in 17 to host "What's Right in America" for NBC. He felt that the Prison Pet Partnership Program exemplified how the prison system can aid in the rehabilitation of inmates while serving the community at large" (pathwaystohope.org).

The women work at a prison kennel in the mornings, feeding and grooming the dogs boarded there by private owners. "The boarding of the dogs, grooming fees, plus donations and grants, keep the nonprofit program running" (The Seattle Times).

The objectives of the program are

• To place 60 dogs with recipients annually, with at least 5% of them being Service/Seizure or Therapy animals.

• To establish a scholarship fund to assist released inmates from prison to continue their pet industry related education.

• To continue to build a Veterinary Assistance Fund, started by the Bosack Kruger Foundation in 15.

• To assure quality veterinary care for our dogs before they are placed in the community and to assist a number of low income recipients or our dogs when they are unable to pay their veterinary bills (pathwaystohope.org).

"The program is not for every inmate. Prisoners must first meet qualifications before being admitted in to the program Any major violation of prison rules results in automatic removal from the program. Once excluded, prisoners cannot rejoin. Any sign of mistreatment or neglect also results in expulsion" (pathwaystohope.org).

Some of the requirements are

• Anyone with a history of abuse toward children or animals are excluded automatically.

• Inmates must serve at least 1 year before they can be considered for the program. This is so prison authorities can review the inmates behavior while incarcerated.

• Candidates must have at least two years left to their sentence, so they can complete the program.

• Candidates must be free of major infractions against prison rules such as fighting for 1 year.

• Candidates must be free of minor infractions for 0 days. A minor infraction includes missing an appointment in the prison.

• Candidates must not have a history of drug abuse in the prison (petplace.com).

Inmates must take and pass a -month Pet Care Technician class, given by the American Boarding Kennels Association if they are accepted into the program. They learn skills such as the physiology of dogs, first aid for pets (including CPR), grooming, pet health and wellness maintenance, kennel care, as well as customer relation skills (pathwaystohope.org).

When they pass the course, inmates are assigned one or two dogs. The dogs live with the inmates in their cells. Beth Rivard, the programs coordinator explains that, "A cell usually holds four people. Instead, two inmates and two dogs, or two inmates and one dog, are housed together" (pathwaystohope.org).

"Only about twenty percent of the dogs have the temperament to complete the eight- month training", said Executive Director Beth Rivard. The rest are adopted out in to the community as "paroled pets." "It costs approximately $5,000 to train one service dog", she said, "and the disabled recipients pay only a $5 application fee" (The Seattle Times).

This program teaches inmates how to become productive members of society and the results are amazing. The female prisoners involved in the 1 year PPPP have a re-offending rate of zero percent and one hundred and seventy dogs have been rescued from the pound, taken to prison, educated and placed as service dogs.

The Prison Pet Partnership (PPP) is out of the Perdy Correctional Center for Women in Washington D.C. This program has numerous benefits for the inmates including

• Lessons on care and responsibility for life

• Job skills

• Getting in touch with their feelings

• Having something to care for

• Getting the opportunity to feel better about themselves

• The ability to accomplish their goals (pathwaystohope.org).

This program matches the inmates with unwanted dogs from a shelter. They teach them to be dogs that are "adoptable and keepable." This includes sit, stay, come, heel, off, as well as learning how to behave in crowds and in front of strangers and other animals. These dogs are not adoptable because of their demeanor (pathwaystohope.org).

Each cycle lasts about three months and the dogs are then placed in their new homes. The inmates feel that the dogs "help break barriers that exist between each other." They tend to feel less defensive and more relaxed. "When a prisoner has a friendly dog by their side, people want to go up and greet them. The friendly dog then helps to break the tension" (pathwaystohope.org).

The women also train Service Dogs. Those dogs will go on to assist the physically disabled. They teach them to open and close doors and pick up dropped items when requested.

"I've learned responsibility," said Jennifer Palmer, who is serving a sentence of three years and ten months. "I know now it depends on me to change my life. Doing this has given me self-esteem. This is something I can do" (The Seattle Times).

It is difficult for the women to let the dogs go to their new owners. The dogs are placed with these women twenty-four hours a day and they become attached very quickly. "This program allows the new owners to bring the dogs back for boarding if they go on vacation, and gives the inmates to opportunity to see the dogs for another time" (pathwaystohope.org).

In 10, another program joined the list, Friends for Folks at the Lexington Assessment and Reception Center in Oklahoma. This program allows long-term inmates to train dogs from local shelters as companions for single elderly people or as service dogs for the disabled.

The Assessment and Reception Center is a medium security prison with approximately 800 prisoners. There are twenty inmates involved with the Friends for Folks program, and there is a large waiting list. Many inmates are involved because the prisoners are rotated through the program (pathwaystohope.org).

Normal training takes ten weeks however, for a donation of seventy-five dollars, inmates are willing to put the dogs through a new High Intensity Program (HIT). This obedience-training program allows for the potential new owners of the dog to have the training done in thirty days. The training is a full time job for four inmates who give the dogs constant care (Pet Gazette).

"To the left is Lexington Correctional Center, a facility that houses over 1,000 inmates in minimum, medium and maximum-security units. Unit , a medium unit, also houses very different inmates, ones with four legs" (Pet Gazette).

"The dogs get a second chance to live out their lives in a useful manner in a non-abusive environment. There is no cost to the recipients, and the dogs are delivered. For senior citizens, the dogs fill a void, helping them cope with loneliness and the need to show affection. For the inmates, its a chance to change their outlook on life" (Pet Gazette).

Project POOCH (Positive Opportunities-Obvious Change with Hounds) began in 1 at the Maclaren School, Oregon Youth Authority in Woodburn Oregon. This is a Juvenile Correctional Center for males. Juvenile offenders adopt dogs form two local animal shelters and give the dog's obedience training with the help of their classroom teacher, who is also a dog trainer.

The student trainers work with their dogs each day, and apply "The principles of positive reinforcement and behavior modification." As the trainers teach their dogs, they also learn about themselves. They acquire the following abilities

• to be responsible

• to persist when faced with setbacks

• to know they are needed

• to realize dogs dont care about excuses

• to be consistent and reliable

• to practice patience

• to know how it feels to make a difference (pathwaystohope.org)

Based on survey responses from adults' staff at the MacLaren Youth Correctional Facility, students who participated in Project Pooch showed marked behavior improvement in the areas of respect for authority, social interaction and leadership (pathwaystohope.org).

Program alumni interviewed reported that they "Felt they had changed and improved in the areas of honesty, empathy, nurturing, social growth, understanding, self-confidence and pride of accomplishment" (pathwaystohope.org).

"The relationships, emotional support and mutual trust established between the trainers and dogs are key to the success of the program" (pathwaystohope.org).

The students involved with Project POOCH have decreased numbers of office referrals and show improved self-esteem, patience, responsibility, and vocational skills (pathwaystohope.org).

Another program is Puppies Behind Bars (PBB), which began in 17 at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility in New York. Inmates in this facility raise guide dogs for the blind. This is the only Maximum Security Prison for women in New York.

PBB began with only five puppies and now there are five more facilities participating with over fifty puppies. Twenty-three of those puppies have become guide dogs (pathwaystohope.org).

Gloria Gilbert Stoga founded the program. She served on a commission to develop private sector employment for low-income residents for Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani when she heard about a prison dog program in Ohio. I just thought it made a lot of sense to utilize people that had a lot of time on their hands to help blind people through these dogs, Ms. Stoga said (The New York Times).

In an interview with the USA Network Stoga said, "The primary objective of the PBB is to raise the most highly trained, healthy, happy-to-work guide dogs, and allow blind individuals to have a chance at independence."

Willie, to the left, who has been blind for twelve years and received a dog from PBB says, "I know it's not only helping myself, but it's helping the ones training the dogs" (USA Network).

"Each dog comes to the correctional facility at two months old and becomes the sole responsibility of a carefully selected inmate. Participants live on special puppy-raising wards, where they care for their animals 4 hours per day - overseeing everything from house-training to toenail clipping - for a year and a half" (Good Housekeeping).

Because the puppies live in the cell with the inmates for sixteen months, they are taken to "puppy sitters" two to three times a months to get them exposed to outside influences. This is beneficial for the puppies for many reasons. The puppies will hear simple sounds that the prison environment does not provide, such as a doorbell ringing or a coffee grinder. It also exposes them to complex things for instance, riding in a car or walking down a crowded sidewalk (pathwaysofhope.org).

Puppy raisers are required to sign a contract with PBB. It outlines the inmate's responsibilities with the puppies and with the program. The contract clearly states that inmates will be asked to leave for any reason deemed appropriate by PBB (pathwaystohope.org).

Requirements for participation in the program include mandatory attendance at weekly puppy class and successful completion of reading assignments, homework and exams. The puppy raiser must always put the needs of the puppy before his or her own, must be able to work effectively as a member of a team, and must be able to give and receive criticism in a constructive manner (pathwaystohope.org).

"When you ask the inmates what they learned from PBB they will say ‘Somebody trusted me.' It gives them hope because it makes them feel human again." believes Ms. Stoga (USA Network).

Stoga said, Are we raising guide dogs? Yes. Is that the first and foremost thing we are doing? Yes. However, these are people who are being given an opportunity to learn important basic life lessons, and theyre learning via these dogs (pathwaystohope.org).

Chris Rogers says that, for the first years of his 17-year stretch in prison, he led a lonesome existence, spending most of his time on his own, reading. Then, after he begged and begged to get into the Puppies Behind Bars program, came Doris, a tiny Labrador retriever (pathwaystohope.org).

Prison went from being a dead space to a place that was alive, says Rogers, 6, who's been on parole for six months. He began to make friends, and gained a sense of purpose. "Puppies Behind Bars has contributed enormously to my success outside of prison", replies Rogers, who now has an apartment in upper Manhattan and a job as an assistant with the program (pathwaystohope.org).

The benefits from all of the programs affect the inmates, animals, staff, and the community that receives the trained animals.

Dogs benefit from these programs by often being saved from near death and given a second chance. The training and grooming they receive by the inmates allows the animals to be more presentable and desired by potential owners. The dogs that become assistants to the physically disabled, hearing impaired or senior citizens are a valuable contribution to the population.

In addition to saving the lives of dogs on death row at local shelters, the program also positively affects the lives of inmates, who learn valuable job skills they can use when they resume life outside prison walls. Prisoners work toward pet care, technician certification, or companion animal hygienist certifications. The inmate behavior and self-esteem improve. The programs teach discipline, cooperation, and respect for others.

The staff members who work with these programs see the difference in the inmates and the benefits to the animals. The staff believes that the dogs make the work environment less hectic and easier to manage. It relaxes the mood of the situation and promotes better communication with the inmates.

The community, especially those who are physically disabled, hearing impaired, or the elderly have been extremely pleased with the program results. They believe that not only are the dogs being trained to assist them, but also the inmates are using their time constructively. The society has shown to be eager to accept these dogs into their homes, and to correspond with their trainers.

There are ,0,1 inmates in the prison system (Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics), ,,78 unwanted dogs in shelters (NCPPSP), 100 million visually disabled Americans (census.gov) and 4.7 million people with long-lasting disabilities (census.gov). They will fight the battle for trust and companionship together, all come out winners.

American Humane Association. "Animal Shelter Euthanasia." 00 http//aha.convio.net

Clemence, Sara. "Puppies from Prison Succeed at a Dog's Toughest Job."

Columbia News Service, April , 00.

Cook, Rebecca. ""Dog Training Program Offers New Hope to Inmates." The Seattle Times, June 11, 000.

Jones, Hugh. "Prison Dogs Hard Time, Soft Hearts." OK Pet Gazette, 001.

Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics. http//ojp.usdoj.gov

National Council on Pet Population Study and Policy. "The Shelter's Statistics Survey." 17. http//petpopulation.org

O'Connor, James V. "Puppies Behind Bars." The New York Times, August , 1.

"Puppies Behind Bars." Movie Clip (http//puppiesbehindbars.com) USA Network.

Quinn, Pauline Sr. "Prison Dog Project." http//pathwaystohope.org

Renda, Kathleen. "A New Leash on Life." Good Housekeeping, April 001.

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