Memo: Breakthrough Retail Market

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Executive Summary

Who we are Olmec Toys Brief Introduction

Where the market is Ethnic Toy Market Analysis

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What the benefits are Win-Win Alliance

What we will do Sales Support Plan

Summary

Appendix A Olmec Toys SWOT Analysis

Appendix B K-Mart Stakeholder Group Analysis

References

April 0, 00

To Ms. Yla Eason

From Haitao Wang

Re The necessity and approach to convince K-Mart to be the retailer of our toy products

Executive Summary

Because K-Mart has evolved into a retail empire of more than 1,800 stores that reach millions of customers, it is crucial for us to convince K-Mart to be the retailer of our toy and accessories products to breakthrough the retail market. The reasons are

1. To generate instant revenue income and capital to further develop our business

. To Build up our customer base and gain market share

. To reduce our marketing and sales cost

I believe the best approach to convince Mr. Kearse is to show him

1. Who we are

. Where the market is

. What the mutual benefits are

4. What we will do.

Who we are Olmec Toys Brief Introduction

Olmec Toys was established in 185. It is one of the several companies that first produced the ethnic dolls in the country. Our products include African-American and Hispanic dolls and accessories. Although a new comer of this industry, we believe we provide the right products at the right time to the right customers through the right channel.

Where the market is Ethnic Toy Market Analysis

Ethnic Toys are important to Children

Toys are an intrinsic part of childhood and their glorious magic helps a childs imagination sprout wings. But the purposes behind toys and playtime go far beyond the boundaries of amusement.

Through thorough market investigation, we found that till now Black children received from toys were anything but pleasant. Dolls were almost always blonde and blue-eyed with narrow, European features and most superheroes were lily-white.

Historically African-Americans have always brought their struggle to their children on a daily basis, but alongside that, one needs to see accomplishments and the positive aspects of our culture. The best way to reinforce that culture for young children is during playtime. If one is able to incorporate cultural messages within playtime, then one is able to put culture within a very positive light for children. This is especially essential for Black children because they arent born into a society that validates their value and distinctiveness. Its important for us to be proactive in making sure that Black children embrace images that represent themselves and reinforce self-esteem and racial identity.

The market of ethnic toys already exists but is neglected

There will always be a market for ethnic toys because the basic factors are still there and still need to be answered who am I. what do I represent, who are my people and what is my culture like. If children grow up with things that are like themselves, they will tend to like themselves or at least identify themselves with that positive image.

From extensive demographic research, we found that 0 percent of Americans age ten and younger were non-white, and the number is growing. These children want dolls with the same facial features and skin tones as those of themselves. It means there is a large already existing market or important customer segmentation that is neglected. The products of our company, Black superheroes and dolls, are just the right things to address the needs of these customers.

What the benefits are Win-Win Alliance

As environment changes, supper stores like K-Mart find themselves facing more and more competition. The competitive weapons are high productivity, diversity of products addressing customer needs, and competitive pricing. By selling the ethnic dolls of Olmec Toys, K-Mart can gain competitive advantages such as

1. Attracting more customers such as African-Americans

. Increasing revenues from not only toy selling but also side selling

. Increasing market share

4. Enhancing company's reputation from multi-cultural perspective

5. Improving customer satisfaction thus increasing customer loyalty

The more detailed information in Appendix B K-Mart Stakeholder Group Analysis can help Mr. Kearse to evaluate the impacts of what if K-Mart decides to retail our toy products. I believe the message conveyed from the analysis could help Mr. Kearse make the decision that is favorable to us.

Though the alliance with K-Mart, our company can

1. Breaking though retail market

. Increasing revenue and gaining capital to further develop our business

. Increasing our market share

4. Building up customer base

What we will do Sales Support Plan

To support the toy selling once K-Mart decides to retail our toy products, we plan to launch following marketing and sales events

1. Adding K-Mart name into the advertisement

. Launching product promotion (details are to be determined after negotiating with K-Mart marketing and sales executives.)

Summary

Above I discuss the reasons why it is important to get K-Mart account and the approach I believe to be feasible. I appreciate your comments. Once we decide, I will arrange the meeting with Mr. Kearse.

References

1. ¡°Yla Eason (A), The Business Enterprise Trust, -6-054

. ¡°New Boom in Ethnic Toys, Ebony, 001011, Nov, Vol. 4, Issue 1

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I wandered Lonely as a Cloud

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INTRODUCTION

Global warming is arguably the biggest environmental problem that we face in the 1st century. According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Earths surface temperature has risen by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with accelerated warming during the past two decades. There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.

Without this natural greenhouse effect, temperatures would be much lower than they are now, and life as known today would not be possible. Instead, thanks to greenhouse gases, the earths average temperature is a more hospitable 60°F. However, problems may arise when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases. (MAP OF THE WORLD)

Plant respiration and the decomposition of organic matter release more than 10 times the CO released by human activities; but these releases have generally been in balance during the centuries leading up to the industrial revolution with carbon dioxide absorbed by terrestrial vegetation and the oceans.

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Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 0%, methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. Fossil fuels burned to run cars and trucks, heat homes and businesses, and power factories are responsible for about 8% of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, 4% of methane emissions, and 18% of nitrous oxide emissions. Increased agriculture, deforestation, landfills, industrial production, and mining also contribute a significant share of emissions. In 17, the United States emitted about one-fifth of total global greenhouse gases.

SIGNS OF GLOBAL WALRMING

ɨ Changing Climate (MAP OF THE GRAPH WORLD TEMPERATURE)

Global mean surface temperatures have increased 0.5-1.0°F since the late 1th century. The 0th centurys 10 warmest years all occurred in the last 15 years of the century. Of these, 18 was the warmest year on record.

ɨ The seas are rising nearly one-tenth of an inch each year, fed by rivers of melting glaciers and ice sheets around the globe. Icelands glaciers could disappear by 00. That event alone could raise sea levels by 0 feet. The snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and floating ice in the Arctic Ocean have decreased. Globally, sea level has risen 4-8 inches over the past century. At least one-third of the massive ice field atop Tanzanias Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa has melted over the past dozen years. Since the glacier was first mapped in 11, about 8 percent of it has been lost. Perus Quelccaya ice cap in the Southern Andes Mountains has shrunk by at least 0 percent since 16.

Scientists have said that global warming may devastate the economies of several small South Pacific nations over the next 0 years. The most vulnerable countries are Tuvalu and Kiribati. New Zealand is already home to 5,000 people from Tuvalu.

ɨ Intense rainstorms are likely to become more frequent. Although scientists predict we will feel the largest impact of global warming in about three decades, extreme weather patterns such as hurricanes, floods and cyclones have increased in recent years.

ɨ Sea surface temperatures throughout the tropics have shown dramatic increases over the past two decades, as much as half a degree per decade danger to coral reefs and sea creatures.

ɨ Scientists in the Alaskan Arctic have discovered that shrubs are growing larger and spreading across previously barren territory in the tundra. The findings add to the scientific consensus that the region is gradually getting warmer.

ɨ Environmental Health Perspectives, identifies and examines five key health problems that could be influenced by global climate change. Those problems include heat-related illness and death, health effects related to extreme weather events, health effects related to air pollution, water-borne and food-borne diseases, and vector-borne and rodent-borne diseases.

ɨ Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are likely to accelerate the rate of climate change.

Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from the decomposition of organic wastes in municipal solid waste landfills, and the raising of livestock. methane remains in the atmosphere about 1 years, a short time compared to other greenhouse gases.

Carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere when solid waste, fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), and wood and wood products are burned. It takes carbon dioxide, the top human-caused greenhouse gas, anywhere from 50 to 00 years to disappear from the atmosphere.

Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.

Very powerful greenhouse gases that are not naturally occurring include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which are generated in a variety of industrial processes.

METHODS OF PREVENTION

ɨ Today, action is occurring at every level to reduce, to avoid, and to better understand the risks associated with climate change. Many countries across the world have prepared greenhouse gas inventories; and many are actively pursuing programs and policies that will result in greenhouse gas emission reductions.

ɨ Bush is saying we need more energy, but he doesnt say that the United States uses 70 percent more energy per million dollars (generated by the economy) than the EU, Jimenez-Beltran said. EU pushes U.S. to label products that impact global warming.

ɨ Humans are still multiplying, and that fact will provide many challenges for the next generation or two, but projections of future growth are low.

WHAT CAN I DO?

ɨ Think back to the days before recycling became popular when everyone threw everything out in the trash. In less than 0 years, most households have gone from recycling little to nothing to recycling newspapers, plastics, glass and metal. Many businesses recycle paper and buy recycled products and many industries practice source reduction in their packaging efforts.

Recycle aluminum cans, glass bottles, plastic, cardboard, and newspapers. Recycling can reduce your homes carbon dioxide emissions by 850 pounds per year.

Buy food and other products with reusable or recyclable packaging, or reduced packaging, to save the energy required to manufacture new containers. This simple action could reduce your emissions by 0 pounds a year.

ɨ When your lights burn out, replace them with compact fluorescent lights. Converting to energy-efficient lighting fixtures can help you use at least 40 percent less energy for lighting.

ɨ Select a home located close to your job to reduce your travel distance and time.

ɨ Save on water use.

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HIV/AIDs

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First of all we are impowered by the spirit of God. We have to realize apart

from God we can do nothing, God controls everything including what happens

in our lives. We have to put God first in all that we do, by doing this we can do

all things through Christ who strengthen us. It doesn't matter what situation

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you are in, give it over to God, in doing so trust and believe that God will work

it out because nothing is impossible for God. But you have to purpose your

heart have a made up mind that you will surrender everything unto Him and

follow Him which means turning away from your old ways of living and stop

doing the things that you use to do or hanging around with the people that you

use to hang with, and be around positive people, people who are about

something, people that encourage you when you are going through something.

Jesus said whatsoever will come, God loved the world that He gave

his only begotten son Jesus whosoever believed in Him would not perish, but

have everlasting life. Jesus who knew no sin took on the sins of the world.

God did all this, in order that we might know life and life more

abundantly in other words by accepting Him or Jesus as our Savoiur we don't

have to turn to drugs or alcohol which will surely bring death but instead we

can turn to Him and live. He will fulfill the desire of our heart apart from

Christ the world has nothing to offer we have to live in this world but we don't

have to conform to the ways of this world, because God tells us in His word not

to confirm to the world, but to be transform or changed by the renewing of our

mind. This is a new year so make the decision to take of the old and put on the

new because when you decide to follow Jesus old things are passed away or

behind you and all things become new. You have to want better lives for

yourself and you have to know that there is something better for you because

God will not withhold any good thing from those who love Him.

Because His word says ask and it shall be given, knock the door will be

open for us because we don't bother to knock, but first you have to seek the

kingdom of God and His righteousness and all these other things will be given

unto you. God will always give you what you need and sometimes he even

allows you to have some of things you want. I encourage you to be the woman

God created you to be, surrender your life to Him, become women who are

enpowered by powering and worshiping God and remember that there is no

greater love than the love that God has for because He loves you with an

everlasting love. You must believe that you are better than your

circumstances. Just because you are or was a drug addict doesn't mean you

have to stay that way.

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SWOT of Thomas Cook

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Thomas Cook is one of the leading travel groups in the world. It is the third largest integrated tourism group in the world, behind domestic rival TUI and the UK group MyTravel (formerly Airtours). ‘Thomas Cook serves some 14 million customers, owns 0 tour operators and around ,600 travel agencies selling the groups products worldwide, has 7,000 beds under control, a fleet of 85 aircraft and a workforce numbering some 8,000.' (Travel and Tourism Company profile- Thomas Cook, 00) It ‘is owned by Deutsche Lufthansa AG (50%) and KarstadtQuelle AG (50%)' (Thomas Cook Sharholder Structure), which created C &N Touristic in 18. Its customers spread over Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Egypt, India and Canada. The pre-tax consolidated income of Thomas Cook on the third quarter of 00 is €7,50,000.

Strengths

Customers can create their own holiday on internet. Thomas Cook AG allows customers to create their own holidays by bundling flights and hotels on their web site- Thomascook.com (BRIEFS, Marketing (UK), 00). It is more flexible and desirable that customers can choose the hotel and flights on their preference rather than paying for fixed package holidays. Also, customers will be attracted as it is more convenient for them to have their booking online.

Thomas Cook has its own airlines and three charter airlines. Those charter airlines are, the SunExpress, providing flights with the Turkish Airline to Turkey; the Thomas Cook Airline UK, the second-biggest charter carrier in Britain and the Thomas Cook powered by Condor, which offers an extensive network. The Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium is the own airline of Thomas Cook. ‘These airlines serve more than sixty international destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa and America and operating an extensive route network with flights from twenty-one airports in Germany, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland.' (A Short Portrait, 00) This enables Thomas Cook to provide cheaper deals, for example, hotels and flights, which help to attract customers that have low budget for their holidays. As it has its own airlines, to and from different countries, this helps it to adopt customers from different countries whereas other leisure companies may not able to have these competitive advantages.

It implemented functional software, the MicroStrategy platform to help staff to do their job better (See appendix 1). The MicroStrategy platform consists of a number of business intelligence applications, including the management information reporting system, revenue management analysis, sales analysis and customer call center applications. It also helps to reduce the number of workforce for running the business, i.e. reduce the costs of running the business.

Weaknesses

It is concentrate on one industry and not sufficiently diversifies. As Thomas Cook AG is formed by many vertical mergers (A Short Portrait, 00); it remains in the same industry rather than expanding to another one. This causes lack of diversify products and services, and, cannot provide wide range of products and services to adopt more consumers.

Most of its airlines are charter airlines. Charter Airlines charged for lower prices. However, it leads to lower quality of services and products. For example, free meals and drinks are not provided on board. Also, the schedule of flights are limited, customers might have fewer choice for the time to board.

Opportunities

It is possible for Thomas Cook AG to expand their charter airline companies and travel to more countries, which allows them to attract more customers from more countries in the world (See appendix ). Larger Planes can be introduced to carry more passengers in one time; the company can grow without adding plenty of flights this can help to reduce the costs of the company.

Threats

Macroeconomic environment deeply affect the price of their products and the turnover of the company, i.e. weak economy (see appendix ), terror attacks, wars and diseases. For example, as a result of Iraq war, SARS outbreak in Asia and hot summer, holidaymakers deferring or canceling their travel plans (Thomas Cook in Upbeat Mood, 17/06/00) which leads to the holiday price fell by 5.4% while turnover dropped 11.6% as a result of hot summer, Iraq war and SARS (Manny, 00). Due to the undesirable situation of the macro-economies, the pre-tax consolidate income of Thomas Cook is -€54,601,000 on the year ended 0 July, 00(See appendix 4).

Government policy will affect the growth and development of the company. Transport in United Kingdom is zero rated in VAT. However, European Commission plans to impose VAT on package holidays (See appendix 5) which would cost travel agencies in United Kingdom five billion pounds and five thousands of employees could be made redundant.

Competitors might also launch its own airlines or co-operate with other airline companies and provide cheap tickets in order to gain market share. For example, Air 000 Ltd and First Choice Holidays.

Bibliography

Post A. (14), Anatomy of a merger the causes and effects of mergers and acquisitions, Prentice Hall, London

Company History, 00, MyTravel Group Plc, viewed on 0/11/00

http//www.mytravelgroup.com/History.htm

Group Organisation, 00, Thomas Cook, viewed on 0/11/00

http//www.thomascook.info/tck/de/en/abu/0,77,0-0-84064,00.html

MyTravel shares dive, 06/11/00, BBC News, viewed on 0/11/00

http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4871.stm

MyTravel sells US business, /10/00, BBC News, viewed on 0/11/00

http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/085.stm

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Hi ho

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Music is a reflection of society, and will always evolve as society does. Composers have always sought to push the bounds of conventional harmony, and tonality, as a way of further expressing themselves. Composers such as Schopan, Strauss, Berg, Busconi, Stravinsky, Debussy, and others, all attempted to create something new, and exciting whether they used a traditional framework or not. They all attempt to further the musical concepts of the time; it is this concept of art for art's sake that is fundamental to understanding the importance of these contributions. These composers were no longer concerned with the audience, they no longer cared about the audience, they moved away from creating music for someone else and decided to create music solely for themselves. This is the probably the most important basic development that occurred during this period of 180-10. Along this same line, the actual musical technique evolved at this time, and will be important to observe. Likewise, we will examine the social changes occurring at the time, and see how the changing society influenced the composers and music of the time.

We should beginning this discussion with a brief description of how the technical methods that the composers utilized at this time evolved from what had previously occurred. The move from a rigidly structured music to one of dissonance and atonality was bound to occur. It was in essence inevitable. In further evolving music it was necessary to attempt something new, something that hadn't been tried before. This is the reason for dissonance and atonality; it was creating something new out of a concept that hadn't been explored before. "Chords containing non-harmonic tones must be incorporated into harmonic theory and recognized as valid musical materials. Non harmonic tones form chords, hence they are not non-harmonic; the musical phenomenon they help to create are harmonies, as is everything that sounds simultaneously. " Therefore we see a marked break in what composers had been doing prior to this period. Music was conceived of in very rigid terms. There were rules that had to be followed, as this was the traditional sense of music. A return to the tonic was expected, the musical plot was always returned too. The opera or musical piece was always a simple package for the audience to understand. It was expressed in very simple terms, expectation, and routine would be the best terms to describe the music and the experience at this particular time. The composers such as Stravinsky realized the importance of dissonance. They realized that it only enhanced the musical experience. They realized that dissonance was not an evil of music but rather another character to explore and add to the story. They attempted to create something new by using new theories in accordance with some of the traditional rules. For example they "preserved a fixed order within the presentation of a harmonic unit. " Therefore they didn't seek to make something completely new, but rather evolve some of the traditional aspects of harmony and dissonance, to further express themselves artistically. By furthering the practice of serialism, we certainly see how basic rules of harmony and tonality were followed but how the evolution of tone allowed for the creation of the retrograde, and the inversion, all of which gave composers more freedom of expression. It seems as if this is a pervading societal phenomenon as well.

We should go back to the quote from the book written by Schoenberg on the function of harmony as it provides the perfect segue to the more fundamentally important part of this essay. We should examine the societal implications of what was occurring at this time. This book, was written in 1, it is therefore important that we understanding what society was going through at this time, and how this is important to the understanding of technical achievements within music. The Roaring 0's was time in American history of great investment in the economy and the pervading sentiment however wrong was one of prosper. Generally when the economy is doing well, and people are able to spend more money, they generally have more time to focus there time on other things. Nothing was different for musicians, we see around the turn of the century, composers moving away from the traditional way of creating music. They no longer relied on the aristocracy for patronage rather they were able to teach, or make money through the creation of their music, they no longer needed to create music that was mundane and ordinary. They began to have the freedom to explore other avenues of music. This is certainly a reflection of the period of time we are studying. The 0's in particular were an important time for people to push boundaries. There was a brief sexual revolution; it was certainly a time when many were trying to push boundaries of normal societal action. So the music created at this time was created out of an important concept that was buttressed by the pervading social atmosphere. Composers no longer cared if everyone liked what they created, but they realized it was important to create because it was new. Much like society had shrugged off its Puritanical history, musicians too had evolved. They no longer were tied down to those who really cared nothing for their achievements. As Debussy writes in his "Conversations With M. Croche" "They [the audience] never grasp the noble dramas woven into the symphonic conflict in which one is conscious of the possibility of reaching the summit of the structure of harmony and the breathing there an atmosphere of perfect beauty. " Composers at this time knew that they were on the cusp of something incredible. They knew that by pushing the bounds of convention that they were affording themselves far more freedom of expression.

The technical side of music although fundamentally important to the full understanding of music, is certainly not what I feel as the most important aspect. An attempt was made here to show how Music reflects society and how the music at this time was pushing convention and was looking to break away from the ordinary from the mundane, and truly be something amazing, it is this point that drives this essay. The point of art for art's sake is truly an important idea that needs to be explored by artists. This concept allows them to push boundaries, and although some of the pieces we have listened to in class is more radical than others, it is the affect they have on the music that in the middle that is most important. Regardless of whether it is too far left, or too far right, by pushing the conventional boundary one makes way for the unconventional to become the standard by which to judge the conventional. To draw a parallel to government, the objective of the third party in American politics is not to win every election, because it realistically would not happen, but rather more importantly the object of the third party is to bring their issues into the American spotlight, by doing so they force the two major parties to debate the issues of the third party. Music in essence does the same thing, when musicians or composers create something entirely new the effect on the music in the middle is what is most important.

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Rates of Reaction Experiment

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Rates of Reaction Experiment Design Type

Introduction

In this experiment, Sodium Thiosulfate is reacted with Hydrochloric acid to study the affect of changing the concentration of one of the reactants, on the reaction rate. The products formed are Sodium Chloride, Water, Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur.

NaSO(aq) + HCl(aq) = NaCl(aq) + HO + SO(aq) + S(s)

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As the precipitate of sulfur forms, it masks the cross-drawn on the filter paper and a time for the reaction to complete can be measured.

Hypothesis

As the concentration of one of the reactants in a reaction increases, reaction rate also increases.

Aim

To show the effect of concentration on rate of reaction.

Materials

M HCl(aq) x Burette Stand and clamp

0.5 M NaSO(aq) 10 mL measuring cylinder

Stop Watch x Burette

Sheet Of White Paper with a Cross (pencil) Conical Flask

Method

1. Placed 50mL of thiosulfate solution in the 50mL conical flask using the burette. Added 5mL of dilute HCl(aq) to the solution in the flask using the 10mL measuring cylinder, and at the same time started the stopwatch. Swirled the flask twice and placed it over the piece of paper with the mark on it.

. Looked vertically over the conical flask and timed the reaction by stopping the stopwatch when the cross was no longer visible.

. Rinsed the flask.

4. Repeated the experiment using 40, 0, 0 and 10mL of the thiosulfate solution made up each time to a volume of 50mL with distilled water, and still used 5mL of HCl(aq).

DIAGRAM

NB. A lab coat, safety glasses and gloves were worn during the experiment.

Results

Note Concentration of NaSO(aq) calculated before (50mL) adding to HCl (55mL).

Dilution of NaSO(aq)

Attempt 1 4 5

HO (mL) 0 10 0 0 40

NaSO(aq) (mL) 50 40 0 0 10

Concentration of NaSO(aq) (mol/L) 0.5 0. 0.15 0.1 0.05

Attempt 1 4 5

Concentration of NaSO(aq) (mol/L) 0.5 0.0 0.15 0.10 0.05

Concentration of HCl(aq) (mol/L) .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

Agitation (Swirls)

Time (s) 7.87 0.8 7. 5. 14.50

1/Time 0.0588 0.00 0.0687 0.01687 0.00745

The slope of the Concentration Vs. Time graph at two different points

m1=(y-y1)/(x-x1)

m1=(0.8-7.87)/(0.0-0.5)

m1=-48 (sf)

m=(y-y1)/(x-x1)

m=(14.5-5.)/(0.05-0.10)

m=-1.5 x 10 (sf)

The slope is steeper where the concentration of the thiosulfate solution is lower, as there are less particles in the solution for the HCl(aq) to react with to form S(s) therefore the solution requires a longer amount of time to react. The slope is shallower where the concentration is higher as there are more particles in the solution to react with HCl(aq) to form S(s) and therefore there is a higher chance of effective and frequent collisions between reactants, hence more products are formed and therefore the reaction time is shorter.

Analysis and Evaluation

The independent variable in this experiment was the Concentration of NaSO(aq).

The dependent variable in this experiment was time i.e. reaction rate.

The controlled variables in the experiment were atmospheric pressure, temperature, concentration of HCl(aq), the amount of agitation and the state of subdivision of the reactants.

The graph of Concentration of NaSO(aq) Vs. Time clearly indicates that as concentration is decreased, time for the reaction to occur increased.

The graph of the Reaction rate clearly indicates that as concentration increased, reaction rate also increased. Therefore from this experiment it is evident that reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants.

Random Errors

• If there are variations in eye level when taking the burette reading then the amount of thiosulfate solution will increase or decrease, and as a result the reaction rate will also increase or decrease.

• If there are variations in the ambient temperature or atmospheric pressure, then the amount of thiosulfate solution or hydrochloric acid will increase or decrease, and as a result the reaction rate will also increase or decrease.

Systematic Errors

• If the burettes and the measuring cylinder have been incorrectly calibrated by the manufacturer, then the amount of NaSO(aq) or HCl(aq) in the conical flask would have been higher or lower than required, thus the concentration of these two substances in the conical flask may have been affected, and consequently increased or decreased time.

• If a contaminated sample was used in the experiment, then the concentrations would have been affected, thus lengthening or shortening the times to react.

• The exact point where the cross disappears from sight is hard to gauge, therefore the time taken for the cross to disappear may not have been consistent.

• The amount of agitation may have varied with each attempt in the experiment.

Some improvements that could have been made to the design of the experiment to reduce errors are

• To do the experiment in a temperature controlled environment where the atmospheric temperature and pressure can be monitored for small increases or decreases and can then be rectified.

• Use a machine to agitate the solution to keep the agitation consistent.

• Repeat the experiment.

Conclusion

The Rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants. As the concentration of NaSO(aq) increases, reaction rate increases.

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Using Her Big Chance and any other monologue show how the central characters reveal obliquely their personalities and circumstances.

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Bennett allows both Lesley, in Her Big Chance, and Irene, in A Lady of Letters to inform the audience of their inadequacies and situation, however this information is not blatantly confessioned. In the monologue format the slight comments and innocent detail betray the character and provide evidence of the lonely and unrewarding lives of the two women. Bennett depicts the women very differently, yet in many ways they are similar in their refusal to accept their problems.

Bennett shows both women desperately searching for a role. Lesley is portayed as forever trying to build a part. Capital letters are given to a previous unimportant part, in order to make Lesley feel more significant than she really is

Woman in a Musquash Coat.

Lesley tries to completely involve herself with all the action regarding the film. Bennett shows her insistence on adding her suggestions

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I just wanted to make it crystal clear that when I said briefcase I didnt mean the old-fashioned type ones...

Rather than admiring her persistence, we just begin to feel extremely irritated.

In A Lady of Letters Bennett stirs up irritation with Irene, in her persistent letter writing. Bennett capitalises on our initial irritation, he uses a crescendo effect continually telling us of the occasions on which Irene has felt it necessary to express herself in letters

I wrote to the crematorium...dashed off an answer forwith... I wrote to the council...

We are not told that Irene has nothing else to, although this is quite apparent. Bennett in allowing Irene to take it upon herself to produce these letters is letting her feel more important, as he does with Lesley.

The language Bennett uses for Irene indicates that perhaps she is pretentious. Irenes natural colloquial language is cleverly juxtaposed which phrases of learned speech by Bennett

..grief-stricken people do not expect to emerge from the Chapel of Rest to find grown men skulking in the rhododendrons with tab-ends in their mouths.

Bennett does not present Lesley as a pretentious character, but instead her strive to appear intellectual and cultured. This is apparent in the usage of foreign borrowings, in the Italian Ciao and the French Croissant. Technical jargon is used as part of Lesleys pretence of performance

..theres what they call a hair in the gate. Its film parlance for all clear.

Yet we are aware of Lesleys inability to act, not because she tells us, but because she is restricted to just one word in the film

..we tried it once or twice only Gunther then thought it would be more convincing if my headache was so bad I couldnt actually speak..

However, it does not seem that Lesley is actually neglecting to tell us that her line was cut here because she is such a bad actress, but that she does not tell us because she does not realise herself. Similarly in the clich

I didnt fall off the Christmas tree yesterday.

Lesley is shown pretending to be more clued up than she really is, if she knew what was happening she would not have slept with Spud.

Bennett presents Irene also believing she knows more than she really does. She believes that there is cruelty and neglect going on because there is No kiddy still and she has heard it crying. From this we learn of the way her judging things on appearances, without looking any deeper. Bennett shows this quite humorously in the fascination Irene holds for the lack of a table cover No cloth on.

Despite Irenes superficiality there is a certain degree of pathos in the situation. Bennett informs us that her so-called participation is because of she is lonely. We are told of her pen Its been a real friend, the indication here is that Irene does not infact have any friends or family that she can turn to for support. We know also that Mother bought it - there is a tone of reminiscence here that is particularly apparent on the video. The actress is almost fondling the pen. Her voice is slow and calm, with definite touch of humanity. The insinuation from all of this and Irenes current situation is that there was a certain degree of dependency between Irene and her mother.

Bennett depicts Lesleys escape from her solitude in her sleeping with numerous men. We do not really feel any sympathy towards her because she is shown to keep doing it. Bennett selects the metaphor

..the cat sitting there, watching the trout

to explain the way which Lesley falls into the trap. In this there is realisation of what she is doing, so the feelings of irritation are yet stronger. The audience can appreciate her embarrassment because of the technique that Bennett uses - glossing over the details

His rooms nicer than mine. His bathrooms got a hair-dryer.

The video shows her usual lively tone becoming quiet and slow, her body language follows the same pattern. It is obvious that Lesley has slept with this man, yet Bennett only allows her to obliquely reveal this.

It is only in the reported speech of the policeman that we comprehend all the trouble Irene has caused

Were asking you because who was it who was it wrote to the chemist saying his wife was a prostitute?

This not denied, but there is indeed a justification for it.

We learn in reported speech of the type of film Bennett has selected for Lesley, Spud talks of

...main girl...making videos...overseas market...West Germany..

To the reader/viewer this suggests porn. Lesley does not see this, Bennett again shows her lacking basic common sense. For her inadequacies Bennett refers her to an American book. One of the points in the book is purpose and use of name. Yet there is a definite over usage of names

Chess, Simon?...Well, Simon...Spectacles, Simon

This exhibits Lesleys superficially - she does not look deeper than names or appearances. If we look for the reasoning behind this we can realise that to a certain extent it is related to her job. Performance plays a big part of Lesleys life. The frequent use of the word interesting by Bennett in this monologue shows falseness and superficiality . Whereas the reason for the frequent use of the word little by Bennett establishes Irenes sense of modesty and we do not resent her in the slightest for it. Using Her Big Chance and any other monologue show how the central characters reveal obliquely their personalities and circumstances.

Please note that this sample paper on Using Her Big Chance and any other monologue show how the central characters reveal obliquely their personalities and circumstances. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Using Her Big Chance and any other monologue show how the central characters reveal obliquely their personalities and circumstances., we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Using Her Big Chance and any other monologue show how the central characters reveal obliquely their personalities and circumstances. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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