If cheese had a name

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Vonneguts Slaughterhouse Five

When one begins to analyze a military novel it is important to first look at the historical context in which the book was written. On the nights of February 1-14 in 144 the city of Dresden, Germany was subjected to one of the worst air attacks in the history of man. By the end of the bombing 15,000 to 50,000 people had been killed by the combined forces of the United States and the United Kingdom. Dresden was different then Berlin or many of the other military targets which were attacked during World War II because it was never fortified or used for strategic purposes and, therefore, was not considered a military target. Because of its apparent safety, thousands of refugees from all over Europe converged on Dresden for protection (Klinkowitz -). Dresdens neutrality was broken and the resulting attacks laid waste, what Vonnegut called, the Florence of the Elbe. Kurt Vonnegut was a witness to this event and because of fate, had been spared. He wrote Slaughterhouse Five to answer the question that resounded through his head long after the bombs could no longer be heard. Why me?- a frequent question asked by survivors of war.

Vonnegut was tormented by this question and through Billy Pilgrim, the protagonist in Slaughterhouse Five, he attempts to reconcile the guilt which one feels when one is randomly saved from death, while ones friends and loved ones perish. Billy Pilgrims own life was spared, but was never able to live with himself knowing that so many others had died. The feelings of guilt which emerged from his having survived the bombing of Dresden and from Billys fortunate escape from death under the shelter of the fifth Slaughterhouse haunted Billy through much of his life. Billy Pilgrim did not consider his survival a blessing, but a curse. A curse to be forced to live on with the guilt of survival. Billy Pilgrim faced such tremendous guilt, that he spent his entire life after Dresden trying to alleviate himself of it. His guilt is in many ways comparable to the guilt felt by the survivors of the Holocaust. Many Holocaust survivors had to face their own Why me? question. However, many Holocaust survivors were able to reconcile their feelings of guilt or put it out of their minds. This solution was never viable for Billy Pilgrim. Billys guilt made life so unbearable that he could no longer live with himself and he rejected the life that had been granted to him. There was no answer to Billys question because war is not logical, nor is it just. Never could one give a justification for the fortuitous slaughtering of the innocent, which claimed the lives of Dresdens inhabitants. This idea is exemplified in the secondary title Slaughterhouse Five is known by, The Childrens Crusade. The Childrens Crusade was one of the many Christian Holy Wars which aimed on destroying the Muslim people. The Childrens Crusade was really a ploy by entrepreneurs to sell Christian children into slavery. Thousands of children were killed on ships en-route to the slave market and many others were sold, never to be seen again. Vonnegut gives the Childrens Crusade as an example of the atrocities and in-humane acts which transpire under the auspices of War. That is why Billy Pilgrim invents a world where a justification can be given, where life and death are meaningless and feelings of guilt disappear. The only way Billy Pilgrim can confront this guilt is to excuse his survival and trivialize the gift of life and the cruelty of death. He creates a new world where he can be free from his guilt. That world is called Tralfamador.

The Traflamadorian world provided Billy Pilgrim with the escape that he needed from his guilt. The Traflamadorian people are not locked in a three dimensional realm. They are not locked in the frames of time to which the human world is forced to live in. Traflamadorians can shift through time as seamlessly as humans can walk towards a point. This ability allows them to focus on the pleasant moments in the history of the Universe and ignore the aspects of time they dislike. Thus, the fire-bombing of Dresden is just a tiny frame in the vast space time continuum. The guilt of Billys being saved is reconciled by eliminating the existence of a past, present, and future. Since any fraction of time is accessible in the Tralfamadorian world death is just a tiny part of existence that is ignored like the fire-bombing of Dresden. Billy Pilgrim reinvents himself and his universe to gain purpose in his guilt ridden life (Lundquist 8).

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The Tralfamadorians are real to Billy because without them he cannot live with himself (Lundquist 8). Billy believes that he was taken by a Tralfamdorian ship to be an exhibit of a human being in a Tralfamdorian Zoo. On Tralfamador, Billy is exposed to an entire new way of thinking which neutralizes the Why me? question. In the Tralfamdorian view of the Universe, guilt does not exist because in their view one is not responsible for ones actions. Whatever will, or has happened will always happen and did always happen. There is no way to change the course of events. Everything is predetermined. Billy is told by the Tralfamadores (regarding Tralfamador) that

Today we do (have peace). On other days we have wars as horrible as any youve ever seen or read about. There isnt anything we can do about them, so we simply dont look at them. We ignore them. We spend eternity looking at pleasant moments (Vonnegut 101).

The Tralfamadorians even now when and who will destroy the Universe, yet they make no attempt to stop it because in their eyes it cannot be stopped. Billy, by accepting the Tralfamadorian view, frees himself from the guilt which one feels when one is locked in time and responsible for ones actions. Billy Pilgrim grasps the Tralfamadorian philosophy and insists the Tralfamadorian world exists because it eliminates the Why me? question. Guilt is a feeling of responsibility or remorse for some offense, crime wrong ;a feeling of culpability. For example if one steals a hundred dollars, one would feel remorse over that action and wish one had not done it. Under the Tralfamadorian outlook Billy Pilgrim does not have to feel remorse for being saved because that is how it was and always will happen. He does not have to feel guilt or remorse because there is no reason to. There is nothing that can be done about war and death, they are as easy to stop as glaciers. (Vonnegut ) The death of all those innocent people could not be stopped, it was predetermined by some unknown force just as the destruction of the Universe, by a Tralfamadorian testing a new fuel, is also predetermined and unstoppable.

Vonnegut uses irony by having Billy Pilgrim an Optometrist, whose job it is to help others see the world more clearly with greater acuity and sensitivity. Billy believes it his job to prescribe corrective lenses for Earthling souls. So many of those souls were lost and wretched, Billy believed, because they could not see as well as his little green friends on Tralfamdore. (Vonnegut 5) This is in essence what the Tralfamadorians teach him that the Human view of time is erroneous (Tanner 18). The Tralfamdorians give Billy an analogy of how humans perceive time

Human vision is something so narrow and restricted...to convey to themselves what it must be like they have to imagine a creature with a metal sphere around his head who looks down a long, thin pipe seeing only a tiny speck at the end. He cannot turn his head around and he is strapped to a flatcar on rails which goes in one direction (Vonnegut).

Billy by accepting the Tralfamadorian view of the world frees himself from the metal sphere and from his guilt. Much of Billys guilt rested on his view of time and nature. Before he was introduced to the Tralfamadorian viewpoint he believed in crusading against war and the death of the innocent and felt guilty and upset when another humans life was blindly taken. After coming to newly understand the limits of human vision and the naivet of human-kind, namely that one can change what will happen and guide ones actions Billy felt no sympathy for death and made no attempt to right injustice and stop the atrocities of war.

Although Billy finds peace in the many positive aspects of the Tralfamadorian mind-set, there also exist many negatives to his new vision. The many aspects of Billys life which his new vision touch are clearly outlined in Slaughterhouse-Five. For example, whenever there is a tragic death or an entire city is destroyed Billy says what all Tralfamdorians say so it goes. Billy does not feel remorse or anger when he hears of the war in Vietnam because it is just a frame in time, which has, is and always will happen. Just as the universe will be destroyed by the Tralfamdorians but no attempt is made to stop it. At one point in the novel Billy sees a war movie in reverse, he describes it as follows

The formation flew over a German city that was in flames. The bombers opened their bomb bay doors, exerted a miraculous magnetism which shrunk the fires, gathered them into cylindrical steel containers and lifted the containers into the bellies of the planes. The containers were stored in neatly racks..When the bombers got back to their base, the steel cylinders were shipped to factories where operating night and day, dismantling the cylinders, separating the dangerous contents...so they would never hurt anybody again. (Vonnegut 64)

Vonnegut uses this imagery to dramatize effectively the cruelty of bombing. Billys Tralfamadorian view of this war film is an obvious improvement over the forward version. However, with the Tralfamdorian view also comes a heavy price. The cost of this new vision is the human conscience and the concern for life (Tanner 18). The Tralfamdorian view extracts the human conscience, which separates humans from the rest of the animal world. The price for a guilt free life is the most precious part of human life, emotions. (Tanner 18)

With the Tralfamdorian view comes another steep price, free will. Billy is told by the Tralfamadorians that free will is a uniquely human belief. (Schatt 8) He is told that war, disease, and even the end of the universe is all pre-determined, and that nothing he does can change what will happen. The notion of free will is what gives human life meaning. Part of the spice of life is the feeling of accomplishment one has when he succeeds or the feeling of sorrow when he fails. These feelings cannot exist when ones actions are not of ones own choice but pre-determined. When all that happens, is decided by an unknown force, failure, triumph and sorrow cannot exist because one is not responsible any longer for bringing about those emotions. This can easily explain why Billys life is so dreary and depressing. His acceptance of the Tralfamdorian world has freed him from his guilt, but it has also freed him from living.. On his tombstone it is written everything was beautiful and nothing hurt. Although this message on the surface would seem perfect, it in reality points to the short-comings of Billys life. One cannot enjoy life and happiness, if he has no feelings and lacks all remorse. In the end of his life Billy is unenthusiastic about living, while stoically enduring it, which may be a sign of the accidie which settles on a man with an atrophied conscience. (Tanner 1) Billy pilgrim has full knowledge, of who, when and where he will be murdered, yet he does nothing about it. While this could be looked at as an acceptance of the Tralfamdorian way of life, it also points to the fact that Billy does not want to stop it because life offers him nothing. The price of for Billys release from guilt, was Billys release from humanity.

Slaughterhouse-Five clearly expresses Vonenguts terrible outrage at the catastrophic fire-bombing of Dresden. But it does more than that. Its underlying theme is not just against the atrocities of Dresden but against all War. Vonneguts unorthodox stylistic approach which lacks any sequential path, draws the reader deeper into the Tralfamadorian world. Although Vonneguts character was able to reconcile his life to some extent, Vonnegut was not. Vonnegut was never able to answer his own Why me? but in truth a broader question exists Why any of us?

Bibliography

Klinkowitz, Jerome. Slaughterhouse-Five Reforming the Novel and the World. Boston Twayne Publishers, 10.

Lundquist, James. Kurt Vonnegut. New York Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 177.

Tanner, Tony. City of Words American Fiction 150-170. New York Harper and Row, Publishers, 171.

Vonnegut, Kurt Jr. Slaughterhouse-Five. New York Dell Publishing Co. Inc., 16.

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NUTS - Southwest Airlines Secret For Success

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NUTS! is the story of an idea, a company and roadmap to success. It demonstrates the power of something if what it stands for inspires people to care so much that they in turn take onus upon themselves to see it grow and develop into something great. Herb Kelleher started with a plan on a napkin and translated it into millions of dollars worth of success built on ‘integrity, guts and nuts.' The main concept of Southwest Airlines is repeated throughout the book, and this to treat your employees with care and concern if that is the way you want them to treat each other and your customers.

NUTS! Describes in detail the events that shape and mould the ideals of Southwest Airlines. The employees are the ones who make the this operation tick. Every employee is encouraged to have fun, entertain their customers, look for ways to save money and increase productivity, and to genuinely care about the well being of the company name, it's customers, and the ideals that it promotes.

Chapter 8 Act like an owner

Chapter eight's motto is, ‘Ask question, think results.' Owners have a unique perspective, and are required to ask provocative questions. Someone who is thinking like an owner would ask "If this were my company, how would I handle a customer in this situation?" Ownership is about caring, becoming fully engaged in the active pursuit of objectives. The idea at Southwest is to have every employee thinking like an owner. The thought process is that nonowners are more worried about how their actions are being perceived by their superiors instead of thinking "How would I act if I personally owned this business?" Chic Lang, a Southwest captain says, "When you talk to a ramper or a flight attendant, they'll tell you what the stock price is that day." When desert storm broke out jet fuel prices skyrocketed. Herb Kelleher sent a memo to pilots asking them how to cut back. In one week costs went down immediately. A consultant suggested to Kelleher a system whereby pilots would be paid more to conserve fuel. Kelleher told the consultant that wasn't necessary. Thinking like owners, the pilots solved the problem on their own. Kelleher expresses concepts onto his employees such as putting trust in others, which tells people they are trustworthy and will act accordingly. Also encouraged is the golden rule Do what you expect and want others to do.

Chapter 10 Don't fear failure.

Being creative and coloring outside the lines are the main points of this chapter. Southwest Airlines makes a point to hire people who aren't afraid to express their individuality and color outside the lines. Employees have been applauded for painting tugs with their favorite professional sports teams color and logos on them. One of Southwest flight attendants spawned an idea that saves the airline 00,000 a year. How? By removing the company logo from trash bags. How many other people can say that they have the opportunity to do something that substantial for their company. Another employee proposed an idea in which a federal express like business would be run. Time, development and substantial amounts of money were put into the idea, which turned out to be a complete failure. Instead of demeaning and firing the Southwest employee for his failed idea, he has since been promoted four times. Herb Kelleher's had this to say in regards to failed plans such as this was "The costs of getting burned once in a while are insignificant to the benefits that come from people feeling free to take risks and be creative." A ticket in a minute is another idea that was supposedly conceived in a bar in Denver. The idea was a ticket dispensing ATM, in which customers inserted their credit card, chose their destination and round trip or one-way, and the machine spit out your ticket. The whole process was to take a minute. Billings now total about 6 million annually from 61 ATVM throughout Southwest's system. Employees at Southwest are encouraged to use their imagination and create new ways of doing things every day.

Chapter 15 Still nuts after all these years.

This chapter discusses the idea and importance of making work fun. Employees at Southwest have become known for different forms of uniforms, such as hot pants to fun wear and beyond. They even featured a recruiting ad that stated, "Work at a place where wearing pants is optional. Not to mention high-heeled shoes, ties, and panty hose." At one point the company had a formal uniform but customers thought that the attendants didn't seem as playful or friendly. The idea is what you wear is how you act, and when the Southwest employees dress in a fun style, their work becomes play. And when work becomes fun, it doesn't really seem like work at all. This is so important for people because so many people seem to have two lives, their lives at work, which is a somber, serious, and up tight atmosphere, where people find themselves eager to get away from. If your life at work becomes fun, then you are more focused and interested in what you are doing at that moment rather that anticipating the moment you can get away from your job and start acting the way you really want to be. Aside from their attire at work, Southwest airlines flight attendants are encouraged to add spice to the routine announcements. And flight attendants actually have a book of games they use to help create a more enjoyable travel experience for customers to help pass the time. The benefits for Southwest Airlines of this fun atmosphere have been; the most productive work force in the industry, employees working certain days without pay, low attrition and absenteeism, and high creativity and innovation among employees.

Southwest Airlines is obviously a successful business for many reasons. Throughout the years they have turned in a profit every year, even years when other airlines suffered miserably. 1Southwest Airlines have become the fourth largest major airline in America. They fly more than 64 million passengers a year to 58 great cities all over the states. This airline has an impeccable record of treating their employees with dignity and respect, encouraging their employees to enjoy their time at work, and most importantly ensuring their customers are served efficiently on a consistent basis. A stock that is up 00% since 10, investment guru Peter Lynch boasts that "For return on capital, Southwest has yet to be undone." Since deregulation in 178, 10 airlines have gone bankrupt. Meanwhile, Southwest Airlines continued to expand. They have experienced 1 percent traffic growth over the last five years. And lets not forget this is all done with the lowest fares in the business. Southwest is actually the driving force behind the steady decline in ticket prices. Market dominance, productive workforce, low turnover, no furloughs, the highest customer service ratings, highest completion factor, youngest fleet, best safety record are all earmarks of Southwest Airlines. A company that has settled legal disputes by arm wrestling, paints its 0 million dollar assets like killer whales and state flags, avoids formal, documented strategic planning, and spends a lot more time planning parties than writing policies. In the rd quarter of 00 Southwest Airlines showed net income of 1.1 million1. Even in the events of September 11th, Southwest is due for their twenty-ninth straight year of profit. After reviewing these stats, I suggest that there is nothing that is not successful about Southwest Airlines. In my eyes it epitomizes what success is.

The crucial driving factors in Southwest Airlines business success are many. They take pride in their success, but I think the most important thing they have done is stuck to what has made them successful. That is no matter what has happened in the airline industry over the last thirty years, Southwest has faith in the simple concept that treating your employees like your most valuable asset will rub off onto the customers these people serve every day. Southwest Airlines success is exemplified every day on every flight, when the rampers and flight attendants know the stock of the company that day, know the legal battles its company is fighting, liven up their in flight safety precautions, look for ways to make the company more efficient and overall take pride in their job and the Southwest name. It appears as though nothing can break the spirit of this airline, and as long as their ideas and concepts are passed on when the head's of the company move on, Southwest will continue to provide low priced, fun, efficient flights as long as people still need to travel by means of the air. For Southwest Airlines the sky truly is the limit.

Southwest Airlines has to face the same obstacles as other airlines, that is the economic distress that September 11th terrorist attacks caused. An economy rooted in recession and a raised public fear of flying are both concerns for Southwest. But no one is better suited to deal with these things that Southwest Airlines is. At a time when people are simply not spending a lot of money, they offer the lowest fares in the industry. When people are concerned about safety, they offer a top safety record. Anyone who knows Southwest can take note to the fact that their employees genuinely care about the well-being of their customers, and no one else is better suited to take care of them than people such as Southwest employees who are encouraged to take initiative and help the company improve wherever possible. Specific strategies Southwest will implement are the same ones that have cause them to grow, prosper and succeed for nearly thirty years.

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Cigarette smoking in public places

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September 11, 001

On September 11, 001, I was living in Puerto Rico. That day I woke up like every morning, ate my breakfast, and went to high school. At that time I was in the Business Club, so I only had four classes. In the biology class, my teacher left to talk to other teachers, and when she returned to the classroom, she looked so concerned, as if something had happened. She was the best teacher, and we had a lot of trust in her, so we asked her what was wrong.

She told to us that the Twin Towers had been attacked by terrorists. "What are the Twin Towers?" we asked her. She told us that the Twin Towers were the most important symbols of the United States. They had about 110 floors. However, she didn't know too much about the tragedy, so we finished the class ten minutes early. After that, my classmates and I went to our jobs. All of us were in business, and we had to work as practice-; this was a requirement to pass the course. While I was walking to my job, I saw that the roads were empty. There was not a lot of traffic like regular days. I was walking with my best friend, so we said, "What the heck is going on here?" It was so strange because everybody was in the stores watching TV, and that was the first time that we had seen the town like this. We started to get worried. When I got to my job at 1040am, I saw the office empty. There were just the employers, and I asked the secretary why the office was so empty. She told me to watch the news. I was watching TV and I started to understand what was going on. I saw an airplane hitting one of the twin towers, and everybody was crying. It was horrible. Then, I saw when the twin towers were going down with a big explosion. Everybody was running, trying to save themselves, but for a lot of them it was impossible. A lot of innocent people died. That day, I thought a lot about the terrorist attack. I was trying to understand the reason why they wanted to kill us, and what we had done to them to have them attack our country. I was afraid because I thought that maybe they would attack Puerto Rico since we are part of the United States.

Custom Essays on cigarette smoking in public places

With this disaster, I learned that I need to be very close and happy with the people who I love because I don't know when will be the last time that I am going to see them. Moreover, if something bad happened to one of my family members, I wouldn't like to feel bad because I didn't show them how much I love them. Since that happened, every time I go to school or any other place, I give a kiss to my parents, and I try to be nice to all the people who I love. I try to argue less with my brother because if something happened I don't want to feel like I was a bad sister. Another thing that I learned was that I always need to be prepared for any disaster that could happen. It could be a terrorist attack, nature, or an accident I always need to be aware where all the exits are if I am in a building or any other place, and what I am going to do if something happens. I learned that if I am going to work, I am not going to work in a building of more than five floors, and I can prevent a lot of disasters that could happen to me in the future.

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Feral Cats and their ecological impact

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Feral Cats (Felis Catis) and Their Role As An Introduced Species

Introduction

Here in Hawai'i there is great concern about the state of our native ecosystem. Many news reports have been done about many of the invasive species that have been allowed to proliferate on our islands. Most of these animals, such as the Coqui frog and Jackson's Chameleon are "exotic" species that many people recognize as a nuisance. Yet, there is one invasive species that is so familiar to us, we may not even realize the possible threat that it may have on our native ecosystem, as well as the native ecosystems around the world. This animal is none other than the feral cat. Feral cats are offspring of domestic cats born in the wild that are wary of human contact. They are organized individuals that live in family packs; some have even compared them with Lions. This paper discusses the concern surrounding feral cats, the methods of controlling them, examples of feral cat eradication on an island, the problems that can arise after complete eradication, the difficulty in eradicating feral cats on a large land mass, and the ethical controversy on how to control feral cats humanely.

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Why the Concern?

Feral cats are excellent predators and have an excellent ability to survive in all types of climates. Feral cat habitats include rainforests, deserts, and alpine areas (Calver et al. 18). They can survive with relatively no drinking water, and feed on a wide variety of smaller vertebrate animals such as birds, rodents, small reptiles, and amphibians (Calver et al. 18). Feral cats make homes out of vacant animal burrows, trees, dense brush, caves, and various vacant areas in urban settings such as dumps, alleyways, shipyards, and abandoned cars (Calver et al. 18). Feral cats breed in the spring through late summer, and a single female can produce up to seven kittens. The cats reach sexual maturity at about one year, and can reproduce continuously until late in their lives (Calver et al. 18).

The major concern about feral cats on islands is that they usually have no natural predators, causing uncontrollable population growth, and severe predation. Even with predators such as the fox, wolf, dingoes, and other large carnivores on larger land masses, the cats have an uncanny ability to maintain stable population numbers. They pose a major threat to native birds as well as small native mammals. It is estimated that feral cats kill an estimated 1 birds per cat per year. There are even human health concerns associated with zoonotic diseases such as rabies, toxoplasmosis, and cat scratch fever (Patronek et al. 18).

Methods of Controlling Feral Cats

There are many methods of controlling feral cat populations, but actual results are variable because of the difficulty in locating many of the cat colonies, and also because of the sheer numbers of cat populations. It is estimated that in the mainland United States alone there are at least 0 million feral cats (Pimental 000). Other problems may arise because some of the methods of control may pose a risk to non-target animals, and even humans (especially children). Even with control programs installed, the actual effectiveness of the methods used are hard to measure because while the number of cats eradicated are known, the numbers still alive are relatively impossible to calculate, especially on large land masses. Methods of control include shooting, trapping (for euthanasia, or spay/neuter trap and release programs), poison baiting, and even virus-vectored immunocontraceptives (Courchamp et al. 000). Designing a control program must also take into account the economics of the methods used. Hunting cats takes considerable man power, and can get quite expensive. Baiting cats with toxins require much less man power, but not only can it affect non target animals, it can also poison indigenous fauna. Calver et al. (16) reported that in Australia, use of the toxin, flouroacetate, after a long period of time caused a high concentration in vegetation, and also in the bodies of dead herbivores. Pet owners should also prevent contributing to the cat population by sterilizing their companion animals, and restricting contact with feral cats because of possible disease transmission. Some have even suggested implementing a night time curfew for domestic cats, and requiring micro chip identification so if the animals are trapped, they can be returned without mistaken euthanasia (Calver et al 18).

Because of some of the negative effects of some of these methods (poison, shooting) the chosen method of use should be well thought out and planned, weighing the possibility of death to other animals, and effects on the environment.

Eradication Programs on Islands

Feral Cats once preyed upon these Frigate birds on Jarvis Island but have been successfully eradicated.

Islands have very fragile ecosystems, and are home to many indigenous, native species. Cats pose a major threat because many of the islands they inhabit are also a home and /or breeding ground for many seabird species, many of whom are threatened or endangered. The seabirds nest on the ground, and cats prey upon young chicks as well as eggs. There have been many eradication programs used on various small islands with relatively no human population. These eradication programs have been effective because of the use of various control methods, which corresponded to the relative densities of the cat populations and other factors such as topography (Carver et al 18).

For example, on Gabo Island, a control program active from 187-11 successfully eradicated the feral cat population. Scientists first tried shooting and trapping, but these attempts proved unsuccessful. The only method that worked on the island was poison-baiting in which dead chicks were inoculated with 1080 toxin and left in cat prone areas (Twyford et al 000).

On Marion Island, located in the Southern Indian Ocean, a few cats were intentionally introduced to control mice at a meteorological station in 14. By 175, the cat population had increased to an estimated 175 feral cats that were preying on burrowing Petrels. The cats were estimated to have killed 450,000 Petrels per year. In order to combat this problem, scientists started an eradication program that spanned from 177-11, when the final cats were eradicated. Unlike Gabo island, shooting and trapping were the most useful methods of control in the beginning of the program. These control methods were coupled with biological control with the feline viral disease Panleukopenia. However, as cat densities diminished, shooting became ineffective and a combination of poison-baiting and trapping replaced it. This program shows how a control program must not only be designed well, but also be modified as time passes and feral cat populations decrease. (Bester et al. 000)

These control programs worked, but these islands had relatively no humans residing on them. Using these control programs as models for islands such as the Hawaiian Islands, may not be feasibly implemented because of the heavy human, as well as domestic pet population. While the various control methods could be used, they would probably have to be used more cautiously.

Controlling Feral Cats on Large Land Masses

While there is no doubt that feral cats do pose a major problem on larger land masses such as Australia and the United States and should be controlled, there is a lack of evidence that proves the cats are directly responsible for the decline in native species numbers. One Australian study showed that the majority of feral cats preyed upon other introduced species such as rabbits, and that native mammals only comprised -40% of the diet (Calver et al. 18). It is not to say that the cats are not responsible for decreases in native species populations, but rather it is harder to determine the effects of the feral cats because of such a large area. In contrast, it was found that feral cats that resided in Australian reserves did hinder attempts to reintroduce some native species into the habitat. This fact alone is argued to be enough reason to control feral cat colonies (Calver et al. 18).

In the United States, there is great concern over health issues in urban areas. There are also concerns with public safety, as some feral cats have reportedly attacked some individuals. Regardless of what the cause, feral cat control is very much needed in all areas. (Patronek 18)

Ethical Issues Involved with Feral Cat Control

Dealing with the objections of cat lovers and regulating domestic pets are a big issue in control programs in areas with human populations. There is great public concern over what kind of method is being used to control the populations. Many people have objected to shooting and poison trapping techniques because they argue that it is cruel and inhumane. It may also put their own animals in danger of accidental death. Using biological control methods is also a concern because of frequent contact between feral cats and domestic animals.

One control method has been utilized in place of some of these controversial methods, and has gained widespread public approval as a better way to deal with feral cats. It is characterized as a trap/sterilize/release program, and while not as rapid as other control methods it seems to be an ethical compromise. The program involves trapping the cats, sterilizing and tagging them (by tattoo or other ID) and releasing them back into the colony. Many programs also feed colonies of cats to help deter them away from preying on wildlife in such high numbers (Patronek 18).

Conclusion

In conclusion, feral cats are a major threat to native ecosystems, and should be controlled. There are many methods of control, and measures should be taken in designing the right control program for certain areas. Factors such as type of land mass (island vs. large land mass), topography, cat population densities, and presence of people and domestic animals should be considered. Care should also be taken in choosing as target- specific a control method as possible. While many control programs are up and running, volunteers are needed everyday to help in the effort of controlling feral cats. Even more importantly, domestic pet owners should responsibly sterilize their animals and limit their geographic movement so as not to contribute to the problem. These measures will greatly improve the current situation, and perhaps save many native wildlife from being lost forever.

Annotated Bibliography

M.C. Calver, D.R. King, D.A. Risbey, J. Short, and L.E. Twig. 18. Ecological Blunders and Conservation The Impact of Introduced Foxes and Cats on Australian Native Fauna. Journal of Biological Education 67-7.

Authors discussed implications that feral cats are responsible for many of the extinctions of native Australian fauna. Methods of control, public opposition, and experimental research is presented.

Twyford, Keith L.; Humphrey, Peter G.; Nunn, Ross P.; Willoughby, Lawson. 000. Eradication of Feral Cats (Felis catus) from Gabo Island, south-east Victoria. Ecological Management and Restoration 1 4-50.

Authors discuss the successful eradication of feral cats on Gabo Island.

Bester, M.N.; Bloomer J.P.; Bartlett, P.A.; Muller, D.D.; van Rooyen, M.; Buchner, H. 000. Final Eradication of Feral Cats from Sub-Antartic Marion Island, Southern Indian Ocean. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 0 5-58.

Authors discuss the effectiveness of techniques used to eradicate feral cat populations on Marion Island.

Courchamp, Franck; Cornell, Stephen J. 000. Virus-Vectored Immunocontraception to Control Feral Cats on Islands A Mathematical Model. Journal of Applied Ecology, 7 0-14.

Authors consider virus-vectored immunocontraception techniques might be effective in eradicating feral cat populations on islands.

Patronek ,GJ. 18. Free-roaming and Feral Catstheir impact on wildlife and human beings. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association 1 18-6.

Author discusses the various effects of feral cats on human beings and wildlife, discussing zoonotic diseases, spread of feline infections to domestic cats, environmental impact, and methods of control.

Pimental, David. 000. Environmental and Economic Costs of Non-indigenous Species in the United States 10-.

Author discussed impact of non-native species on U.S. wildlife.

Please note that this sample paper on Feral Cats and their ecological impact is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Feral Cats and their ecological impact, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Feral Cats and their ecological impact will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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WALTER GROPIUS

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Introduction

The architectural movements of the twentieth century have produced numerous landmark building of immense historical significance. Modernism has become a term that requires definition, in architecture and other disciplines. ¡§Bauhaus modernism¡¨ is characterized in terms of period, location, ideas, and formal considerations. The contribution of Modernism and modern deign would traced back to The Bauhaus and its founder Walter Gropius. Apart from the central iconic buildings, there has many symbolic importance achieves that goes well beyond the architecture.

WALTER GROPIUS (188-16)

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Walter Gropius was born in Berlin in 188, he came from a family of architects, designed the Bauhaus after an apprenticeship in the office of Peter Behrens. Gropius was appointed Director of the Bauhaus in11 where established in Weimar, Germany. His early design, with his long-time partner ADOLF Meyer, for the Chicago Tribune Tower (1) PRESAGES THE International Style, but his Fagus Shoe Factory ¡V also designed with Meyer- precedes and predicts the Bauhaus. Designed and built between 111 and 15, the Fagus Factory bears pronounced similarities to the Bauhaus, although it relied structurally on brick rather than concrete. It is a serious, purposeful structure which was intended reflect its mission; with its concentrated focus on education artists and designers to produce design work for the new modern industrial age. The building embraced at once both artistry and technology and as such it had a symbolic importance that went beyond the structure itself. From 18 to 141, he worked on a series of houses with Marcel Breuer and in 145 he founded The Architects Collaborative in USA. It is believed that Gropius created innovative designs that borrowed materials and methods of construction from modern technology. There were many other masterpieces that created by Gropius such as Gropius House, Lincoln, Massachusetts in 17, Harvard Graduate Center, Cambridge in 150. The stylistic simplicity of Gropius¡¥s works seemed fulfilled simultaneously the aesthetic, functional, and represented demands that the economy placed on the new architecture. They were innovative and gave the impression of being exclusive. The rationality and clarity of the geometric forms appealed to finance¡¦s desire for control and power.

The Bauhaus and Its Theory

The Bauhaus literally meaning ¡¥building house¡¦ in German promoted cross-disciplinary collaboration, thinking outside the square and working with industry for commercial applications. These ideas, which were integral to making the Bauhaus revolutionary in its time, are as pertinent for creative professionals today. In 11 The Bauhaus was founded in Weimar, Germany where Walter Gropius were uniting the Weimar Art Academy and Henry van de Velde¡¦s School of industrial Arts, which had been found in 115. In 15 the school was moved to Dessau, in 1 it was moved to Berlin and dissolved in 1. Bauhaus manifesto committed it to ¡¥forgoing all forms of art into a single whole, to bring back together all artistic disciplines - sculpture, painting, arts and crafts, and manual trades- and making them integral components of a new art of building¡¦. During the years between the two World Wars, Germany was in a state of cultural, political and economical turmoil. The theory that the Bauhaus underlined was to promoted the design to assist industry and society where required motivation and inspiration through producing functional, economic and aesthetically pleasing products for mass production. When the Bauhaus during the period in Dessau, the curriculum was reorganised, and aligned more closely with the needs of industry, also The Bauhaus Corporation was formed to market prototype products to local industries. The main principles of the ¡¥unity between arts¡¦ was enunciated and the school opened with 07 students and initially offered workshops and classes and combined art with engineering and craftsmanship. At the end of the century, the Bauhaus remains a remarkable cultural historical phenomenon.

Innovations and Influence of The Bauhaus

The Bauhaus innovations were the employment of metal tubes in the design of furniture, with highly polished surfaces, made interesting by texture rather than by decoration. In Bauhaus, with all this innovations, it could be demonstrated that the arts and crafts had been brought together in a unified whole which emphasized the collaborative nature of the many arts connected with building. Abstract Expression Art and Op Art were had its roots from The Bauhaus. Bauhaus architecture flourished throughout European country and had a deep influence in America where the International Style began. The experiments in mass production, the concept of the industrial design and the standard design were influenced the modern approach to the design today. Through the influence in education and in practice, Bauhaus brought not only the concepts of the modernism of architecture but also from all aspects of art and design where involved with interior design, furniture design, graphic design and beyond.

The Group¡¦s Approach

The approach of our group will be focused on a deep research of the Walter Gropius and its influences. The main scheme design, the interiors, the compositional elements and con- struction process as well as the designer¡¦s motivation, philosophy and his influences will be included in this research. Also, we will be working on a main discussion of the issues which help us to develop our design work in the future. The group discussion and tasks sharing of research finding will be performed through out this project.

Bibliography

Gropius, Walter. Bauhausbauten Dessau, Bauhaus Book No.1, Munich, 10.

Bayer, H et al. 50 years Bauhaus, catalog of the exhibition at the Royal Academy of Arts, London, 186.

Gropius, Walter. The Scope of Total Architecture, London. 156.

Wingler, H.M. The Bauhaus Weimar Dessau Berlin Chicago, Cambridge, Mass. 16.

Web Reference

http//www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/G/Gropius.html

http//www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Gropius_House.html

http//www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/GropiusWalter/

http//craton.geol.brocku.ca/guest/jurgen/bau1.htm

http//people.ucsc.edu/~gflores/bauhaus/history.html

Group Member

101074 TZY Y. YANG

10101741 HYESUN KIM

10111817 LINGLING YU

Introduction

The architectural movements of the twentieth century have produced numerous landmark building of immense historical significance. Modernism has become a term that requires definition, in architecture and other disciplines. ¡§Bauhaus modernism¡¨ is characterized in terms of period, location, ideas, and formal considerations. The contribution of Modernism and modern deign would traced back to The Bauhaus and its founder Walter Gropius. Apart from the central iconic buildings, there has many symbolic importance achieves that goes well beyond the architecture.

WALTER GROPIUS (188-16)

Walter Gropius was born in Berlin in 188, he came from a family of architects, designed the Bauhaus after an apprenticeship in the office of Peter Behrens. Gropius was appointed Director of the Bauhaus in11 where established in Weimar, Germany. His early design, with his long-time partner ADOLF Meyer, for the Chicago Tribune Tower (1) PRESAGES THE International Style, but his Fagus Shoe Factory ¡V also designed with Meyer- precedes and predicts the Bauhaus. Designed and built between 111 and 15, the Fagus Factory bears pronounced similarities to the Bauhaus, although it relied structurally on brick rather than concrete. It is a serious, purposeful structure which was intended reflect its mission; with its concentrated focus on education artists and designers to produce design work for the new modern industrial age. The building embraced at once both artistry and technology and as such it had a symbolic importance that went beyond the structure itself. From 18 to 141, he worked on a series of houses with Marcel Breuer and in 145 he founded The Architects Collaborative in USA. It is believed that Gropius created innovative designs that borrowed materials and methods of construction from modern technology. There were many other masterpieces that created by Gropius such as Gropius House, Lincoln, Massachusetts in 17, Harvard Graduate Center, Cambridge in 150. The stylistic simplicity of Gropius¡¥s works seemed fulfilled simultaneously the aesthetic, functional, and represented demands that the economy placed on the new architecture. They were innovative and gave the impression of being exclusive. The rationality and clarity of the geometric forms appealed to finance¡¦s desire for control and power.

The Bauhaus and Its Theory

The Bauhaus literally meaning ¡¥building house¡¦ in German promoted cross-disciplinary collaboration, thinking outside the square and working with industry for commercial applications. These ideas, which were integral to making the Bauhaus revolutionary in its time, are as pertinent for creative professionals today. In 11 The Bauhaus was founded in Weimar, Germany where Walter Gropius were uniting the Weimar Art Academy and Henry van de Velde¡¦s School of industrial Arts, which had been found in 115. In 15 the school was moved to Dessau, in 1 it was moved to Berlin and dissolved in 1. Bauhaus manifesto committed it to ¡¥forgoing all forms of art into a single whole, to bring back together all artistic disciplines - sculpture, painting, arts and crafts, and manual trades- and making them integral components of a new art of building¡¦. During the years between the two World Wars, Germany was in a state of cultural, political and economical turmoil. The theory that the Bauhaus underlined was to promoted the design to assist industry and society where required motivation and inspiration through producing functional, economic and aesthetically pleasing products for mass production. When the Bauhaus during the period in Dessau, the curriculum was reorganised, and aligned more closely with the needs of industry, also The Bauhaus Corporation was formed to market prototype products to local industries. The main principles of the ¡¥unity between arts¡¦ was enunciated and the school opened with 07 students and initially offered workshops and classes and combined art with engineering and craftsmanship. At the end of the century, the Bauhaus remains a remarkable cultural historical phenomenon.

Innovations and Influence of The Bauhaus

The Bauhaus innovations were the employment of metal tubes in the design of furniture, with highly polished surfaces, made interesting by texture rather than by decoration. In Bauhaus, with all this innovations, it could be demonstrated that the arts and crafts had been brought together in a unified whole which emphasized the collaborative nature of the many arts connected with building. Abstract Expression Art and Op Art were had its roots from The Bauhaus. Bauhaus architecture flourished throughout European country and had a deep influence in America where the International Style began. The experiments in mass production, the concept of the industrial design and the standard design were influenced the modern approach to the design today. Through the influence in education and in practice, Bauhaus brought not only the concepts of the modernism of architecture but also from all aspects of art and design where involved with interior design, furniture design, graphic design and beyond.

The Group¡¦s Approach

The approach of our group will be focused on a deep research of the Walter Gropius and its influences. The main scheme design, the interiors, the compositional elements and con- struction process as well as the designer¡¦s motivation, philosophy and his influences will be included in this research. Also, we will be working on a main discussion of the issues which help us to develop our design work in the future. The group discussion and tasks sharing of research finding will be performed through out this project.

Bibliography

Gropius, Walter. Bauhausbauten Dessau, Bauhaus Book No.1, Munich, 10.

Bayer, H et al. 50 years Bauhaus, catalog of the exhibition at the Royal Academy of Arts, London, 186.

Gropius, Walter. The Scope of Total Architecture, London. 156.

Wingler, H.M. The Bauhaus Weimar Dessau Berlin Chicago, Cambridge, Mass. 16.

Web Reference

http//www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/G/Gropius.html

http//www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Gropius_House.html

http//www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/GropiusWalter/

http//craton.geol.brocku.ca/guest/jurgen/bau1.htm

http//people.ucsc.edu/~gflores/bauhaus/history.html

Please note that this sample paper on WALTER GROPIUS is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on WALTER GROPIUS, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on WALTER GROPIUS will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from cheap essay writing service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Honesty is the best policy

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on honesty is the best policy. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality honesty is the best policy paper right on time.

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I was shocked to read in a newspaper, recently, that many youngsters see nothing particularly wrong in shoplifting; fiddling Social Security; attacks on property; taking a car for a joyride; insulting or bothering strangers; prostitution and smoking cannabis. This made me really think. Is honesty the best policy? Why? Just what good does it do to be an honest and upright citizen? When you read reports of the number of people in positions of trust who use that very trust to enrich themselves, what does it say to the youngsters? Dont get caught is all. No one knows how much crime of a large scale goes undetected ­ so why not try it on a small scale? Just how many people fiddle their Income Tax, Social Security, their own firms? Where do you draw the line? Is it the size of an operation that makes it illegal? You know a pen brought home from the office, a private call on the Firms phone in the Firms time, photocopying using the Firms paper and machine ­ are these acceptable because theyre so small? Never mind what justification you can think of for it, it is dishonest and we all do it to some extent. It is to our benefit to do so so does honesty pay? If dishonesty pays for us older people, should we not expect it to pay for the youngsters as well?

You might say Crime causes feelings of guilt and fear of being found out. But does it? This may apply to someone engaged in large-scale crime who was originally law-abiding ­ but for petty things? Perhaps some people find that threat a fillip, an added spice to an otherwise dull existence. Perhaps they just do not feel guilty at all ­ how do we know? Theyre not going to go around telling anyone what they feel, are they? Guilt may well be the curse of older folk brought up on the mores of honesty, disapproval of crime, and the belief that the criminal gets caught and punished and that therefore there is a degree of shame attached to wrongdoing. How much influence on adults attitudes did the Church have? The awful threat that God could see everything that you did and would punish you severely for whatever you did wrong ­ how much effect did that have? For how long? Did there come a time when, after judicious experimenting, you realised that God wasnt bothered about your wrongdoing or maybe didnt even see it? Does this apply to youngsters today? The fear of chastisement from one or other of ones parents was quite a strong deterrent; I wonder just how much response children get from their parents these days. From what one sees of childrens behaviour at school, and young peoples attitude at work, I dont think there can be much. In the past the police were a much greater influence, too. They could give summary discipline on the spot and the young offender would have to take it and learn from it. Can you imagine that happening today? The parents would most likely complain about police behaviour, first! Think about shop-lifting and the way it sends up the cost of goods to the legitimate customer. Yet youngsters appear to think a small amount of shoplifting is OK. What makes them think this? Upon what do they base their judgement? Is it that they cant see that there is anything wrong, or do they get such a kick out of it its worth the risks? Do they think theyll get off lightly if theyre caught? All too often they will!

What about stealing through fiddling the Social Security or the taxman, or whatever amorphous department you care to think of? There seems to be an attitude of it being a game and the best one wins you win if you can get away with it and you lose if you cant and have to pay up. The untaxed cash payment or the backhander; the plain omission of amount or information that would result in taxation; the payment in kind; or simple dishonesty and fraud, are all forms of stealing. There are enough legal loopholes as it is without having to defraud the DHSS or the IR or whoever. Yet this seems to be almost an acceptable thing. The same as avoiding paying car tax or TV licences. The honest person pays through the nose for those who dont pay at all. There doesnt seem to be enough peer pressure to right or even to prevent these frauds; so if adults are behaving thus, how can one expect young people to be any different? Surely they are going to follow the examples set to them? Similarly with smoking cannabis if their Pop Idols do so, why shouldnt they? How can one persuade them otherwise?

Prostitution is another thing youngsters see no harm in. (The newspaper report didnt say how many girls ­ as opposed to boys ­ gave this point of view.) Again they could be apeing their elders. What sort of standards do we set them? How do they arrive at these opinions? Indeed, what knowledge or experience do they have to go on to form their opinions? Surely it is only hearsay ­ but I fear it may not be. Should they gain information of such things from the newspapers? (And how could one prevent them,?) It is something that they can read well enough to read a newspaper! Should items such as Cynthia Payne and her parties be omitted from TV and papers? Do the kids give any thought to the ramifications of illicit sex? Probably not, alas. It would seem that a number of adults dont, either.

Buy honesty is the best policy term paper

So far, to some extent, they are following in their elders footsteps; but what about joy-riding in cars? This seems to me to be much more of a young persons activity than an older ones. Where do they get the idea that this is OK? Their attitude seems to be Whats yours is mine and whats mine is my own, and therefore they have as much right to anothers possessions as they want ­ regardless of what it might mean to the owner. Is it easy come, easy go for their own belongings and so they see ownership in a different light from other people? Are they able to replace damaged goods so easily and uncaringly that it doesnt occur to them what more damage than intrinsic worth they are doing when they take a car or damage property? It may be a sign of growing older that one acquires chattels for the memories or pleasure they bring, which then makes themirreplaceable. Perhaps this is something young people have to grow into before they can realise what hurt they are causing by attacking property and effects. Until then, I suppose, its just a game to them; a way of showing their worth, their derring-do to their peers.

Also, according to the report, a large proportion of young people consider it trivial to insult or bother strangers ­ as long as they are not attacked sexually! They obviously have no idea how upsetting, frightening even, (and certainly unpleasant) such an experience is for the people so abused ­ whether men or women ­ and especially for older folk. This, again, seems to be something theyve thought up for themselves ­ I hope! I cant imagine any circumstances by which they would learn this from adults. But why do they do it? What pleasure and satisfaction does it give them? I assume that it makes them feel big and important; that soemone is taking notice of them; I can only assume they choose this way as its the easiest and most immediate. I think this, again, is something that can best be dealt with by peer pressure ­ but cant think how it might be brought about.

How has this climate of dishonesty arisen? It is a recent phenomenon for the most part. From what Ive read and heard, in the past, even in the porrest ares it was safe to leave ones door unlocked, whether one was in or out. Why has this changed? Is it because we now have so many moveable, saleable goods that there is more temptation? Is it because we make more show of what goods we have a second TV, a third or fourth radio, a video recorder now, and so forth, so that more people know what we have in our houses? With so many expensive toys on display in the shops, on TV and hoardings, in papers and magazines, it is not easy to accept the fact that they are beyond ones reach. That these are not necessities but luxuries that can be done without no matter what ones friends or neighbours might have.

It also seems to me that the whole climate of honesty/dishonesty has changed and this is how, I think, it has happened. In the past, looting was part of a soldiers pay, quite likely the only pay he got. Even in the First World War a soldiers pay was not much and he was inclined to supplement it in whatever way he could; and here his uniform anonymity was in his favour. Items could go missing and be blamed on war damage or loss. this was even more apparent in the second World War goods were liberated and re-deployed on an unheard of scale and no one seemed to really object. |There was a good market and no questions asked for whatever became available from whomever had items to offer. After the war, while there was still rationing, the same black market applied and I think it has continued thus up to the present time. The things that fall off the back of a lorry and are sold cheaply; the overload of work the police have to contend with (which means much petty crime just doesnt get investigated); the general attitude of acceptance, all conspire to make honesty less attractive. The small instances of dishonesty get passed over and ignored, the large instances of dishonesty get a lot of publicity some time after the crime was done and the punishment is very often meagre. The sheer volume of deliquency super-saturates our senses and begins to wash over us unregarded, so that we become numbed by it all if youre struggling for your life in the sea, which wavelet do you attempt to survive first?

It makes me wonder if honesty is the best policy ­ but if it isnt, what is going to happen to us all ­ especially the youngsters who will be the parents of the following generations? Is it possible that they have the right attitude to honesty? Has my upbringing been wrong for this time in our evolution? Honestly, what do you think?

honesty is the best policy

Please note that this sample paper on honesty is the best policy is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on honesty is the best policy, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on honesty is the best policy will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Butterfly

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PrintMaster 8.0

Readme

Contents

Minimum System Requirements

Custom writing service can write essays on butterfly

Program Notes

Troubleshooting

Windows NT(r) Troubleshooting

Technical Support and Customer Service

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PrintMaster 8.0

Minimum System Requirements

Windows(r) 5/8 or Windows NT(r) 4.0 (Service Pack )

Pentium 0 MHz or faster

16 MB RAM

Hard Disk with minimum 60-10MB of free space (Depending on version)

SVGA video card supporting 800 x 600, 56 colors or greater

X CD-ROM drive (4X recommended)

Windows compatible mouse

Windows compatible printer

Optional

Sound card and speakers

For Internet Access

14,400 baud or faster modem

Additional 8MB free hard disk space for Internet Software Installation

Program Notes

________________________________________________________________

Note PrintMaster users can now print out a Users Guide from the Help files.

Heres how to do it

(1) Launch PrintMaster 8.0. and click cancel at the Hub.

() Choose Show Help Window from the Help menu.

() Click on the Show button at the top of the Help window, then on the Index tab.

(4) Either scroll down the topics or type in the keyword Users Guide. You can also find the Users Guide in the Table of Contents, under Before You Start.

If you are a new user, you might find it helpful to print out this Users Guide and keep it nearby for easy reference.

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Note Not all features and content are available in all versions of PrintMaster 8.0

Platinum, Premier and Gold users have access to the following features d Animated Greetings (w/ users Internet Access), Photo Organizer, Cartoon-A-Matic, Event Reminder, Address Book/Mail Merge, Border Plus, Serif Draw, Sentiments, Photo Workshop, Headlines, Seals & Timepieces, Automatic Event Mailing, .GIF file support, Web Art Gallery, Previewing animated .GIFs, Web Page Projects, Web Publishing and Web Menu Features, Online Art Gallery (w/ users Internet Access).

Deluxe users have access to the following features Cartoon-A-Matic, Event Reminder, Address Book/Mail Merge, Border Plus, Serif Draw, Sentiments, Photo Workshop, Headlines, Seals & Timepieces, Automatic Event Mailing, .GIF file support, Web Art Gallery, Previewing animated .GIFs, Web Page Projects, Web Publishing and Web Menu Features, Online Art Gallery (w/ users Internet Access).

Silver users have access to the following features Cartoon-A-Matic, Event Reminder, Address Book/Mail Merge, Border Plus, Serif Draw, Sentiments, Photo Workshop, Online Art Gallery (w/ users Internet Access)

Classic users have access to the following features The Year You Were Born, Online Art Gallery (w/ users Internet Access)

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Note If you encounter an error load sound chunk message when attempting to view D Greetings, please be aware that this seems to be specific to the driver for the Yamaha OPL-SAx or the OPL-SAx sound card on Windows 5 systems.

You see this error message because the Yamaha OPL-SAx sound system driver does not work with DirectX 5, which is required for these animations. Yamaha does not provide a driver for the OPL-SAx or the Yamaha OPL-SAx that is DirectX-compatible.

This error does not occur on Windows 8 systems or on Windows 5 systems using other sound cards, including the Yamaha OPL-SA. The Yamaha OPL-SAx WDM driver works with DirectX 5 and Windows 8.

Note For information regarding Microsoft DirectX, and hardware compatibility, go to your computer manufacturers website or visit the Microsoft site for more information. It is advised to always update your video card and sound card drivers before installation of PrintMaster, and this can be achieved in part by updating to the current version of DirectX.

Note If you are interested in creating projects using animated .gifs, please be aware that animated .gifs will lose their animation if rotated, mirrored or placed on other objects. Animated .gifs can only be used in single panel projects and will lose their animation in multi-paneled cards such as half-fold, quarter-fold and note cards.

Note When using The Year You Were Born, to enter a birth date after 000, you must enter four digits for the year. For instance, enter the year 00 as 00 and not 0.

Note Users will not be able to register this program after the year 07. We suggest upgrading before that date.

Note During the uninstall of PrintMaster, PrintMaster may asked if you wish to remove a shared file that is no longer in use. This reporting may be incorrect from the registry of the operating system. Even though the PrintMaster uninstall may state that a shared system file is no longer needed, it is strongly advised to keep the system file instead of removing it.

Note If you experience any printing performance issues on your operating system, please consult your operating systemss user manual on tips to increase paging/swap file sizes and setup.

Troubleshooting

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We have outlined some helpful troubleshooting tips for the most common problems associated with PrintMaster below

1. Issue Slow performance of standard operations

Solution Verify your computer meets or exceeds minimum system requirements. If necessary, increase RAM, CD-ROM speed or hard disk space to enhance performance.

Example While using program, computer and monitor subject to freezes and lock-ups

. Issue Unable to receive order when ordering online from The Art & More Store

Try one of the following solutions A) Make sure your modem is properly connected and turned on;

B) Make sure youre connected using a modem and not a T1 line; C) Order via phone, fax or mail instead of by modem

Example From within the Art & More Store, youve selected the packs you wish to purchase by checking the box next to the individual packs, and youve chosen the appropriate choice in the Applicable Tax and Country you are ordering from fields. When you press the Modem... button,

the following message eventually appears The call to send your order could not be completed

Note The ordering function does not work properly over a T1 line. If you connect to the Internet via a T1 line, order your PrintMaster Packs by phone, fax or mail.

. Issue Printing projects takes an extremely long time

Try one of the following solutions A) Make sure your computer meets the minimum system requirements to run PrintMaster; B) If necessary, upgrade RAM and hard-disk space to bolster speed and performance.

Example Printing a template takes 1-15 minutes

Note Slow Printing performance is normal on machines meeting only the minimum system requirements

4. Issue Unable to launch PrintMaster by double-clicking on a previously saved certificate project within Windows Explorer

Solution Open saved certificate projects located in your MindscapeAGCraftUser000Projects folder by first launching PrintMaster (either from the Start Menu, or by double-clicking a desktop shortcut, or the application file found in the Program FilesMindscapeAGCraft folder). Navigate to the project gallery (either by clicking Ready Made from the Hub screen or by selecting File, Open from the workspace screen). Once in the Project Gallery, select Open from the File menu, navigate to the directory where your certificate is located, select the certificate file and open.

Example Launch PrintMaster and open a certificate project.

Do a File, Save As and save the certificate.

Close PrintMaster

Then, in Windows Explorer, go to Program FilesBroderbundPrintMasterUser000Projects. Double click on a certificate project and youll get the error message noted below.

Note Creating and saving a certificate project saves it as project type Internet Security Certificate. While double-clicking on any other project type launches the program if it is not open already, trying to do so with a certificate project results in the error message The selected file does not contain a valid certificate or the certificate is not a root authority. This is a Windows issue, and not something that can be fixed within PrintMaster. Therefore, all certificate projects need to be opened from within the PrintMaster program.

5. Issue Uninstalling PrintMaster from your computer causes you to lose previously ordered add on packs youve purchased.

Solution Call The Learning Company Customer Service at the number listed below and a representative will give you a new access code which you can use to re-open your previously purchased collections. You will need to re-install the program first.

6. Issue Cannot browse images in large view in the Online collection of the Project or Art Galleries. Since the Art & More Store is a collection of projects available for purchase, you cannot view them in large view until youve unlocked with a special unlock code provided to you once youve purchased them. If you try to switch to large view while in this collection, youll be prompted to go to the order form.

Solution Browse the Online Collection in small and medium view only. When you come across a set or sets youd like to have, double click on one, or switch to large view to trigger the Online Order Form dialog box. Purchase the sets youd like, then once theyre unlocked, browse in large view if you prefer.

7. Issue Either the front and/or inside text of some sentiments selected from the Sentiment Gallery dont fit within the default text box on quarter fold card projects.

Try one of the following solutions After youve selected your sentiment and are returned to the workspace screen, 1) Select the text box by clicking on it, and drag the handles out to stretch it so that all the text can be seen; ) Click inside the text box, then choose Edit, Select All to select all the text, and decrease the font size, making the text smaller so that it all fits within the box; ) For particularly long sentiments, try a combination of steps one and two.

Note This issue with sentiments not fitting is confined to quarter fold card project types. Default text box sizes on other project types should accommodate all the sentiments.

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Windows NT(r) Troubleshooting

1. Issue Projects print slowly running Windows NT.

Solution In the Print dialog in PrintMaster, select Advanced. In the Advanced Settings dialog, place a check mark in the box marked Print as Bitmap. This will convert the project to a bitmap before sending the file to the printer. This will speed up printing and should not degrade the quality of the printed image.

Solution In the Print dialog in PrintMaster, reduce the print quality setting. This will also speed up the printing process.

. Issue Long delay when attempting to print projects in Windows NT. There is no error message seen and the printer eventually times out and the spooler becomes empty. The program continues running.

Solution PrintMaster 8.0 requires more memory than previous versions of the product and thus may require a larger NT system paging file than 4 MB Initial and MB Maximum on a system with MB of RAM. This can be fixed by increasing the size of the NT virtual memory file. We recommend a paging file size of 10 MB Initial and 00 MB Maximum. To do this Open System in the Control Panel. Click on the Performance tab, and click Change... in the Virtual Memory group.

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Technical Support and Customer Service

If you continue to experience problems with PrintMaster, please contact Mindscape Technical Support.

Where to go for help

Check our Web site, http//www.learningco.com, for answers to frequently asked questions and other technical support information. Go to the support section to get FAQs, downloads, patches, and so on.

E-mail us at Help@tlcsupport.com.

Mail correspondence to

The Learning Company

1700 Progress Drive

PO Box 100

Hiawatha, IA 5-0100 USA

Attn PrintMaster

When corresponding by mail please included the following

First and last name

Phone number where we can reach you, fax number, and e-mail address.

Name of the product, version, and format (CD-ROM, or DVD-ROM).

Contact us by fax at (1) 5-600, 4 hours.

Call (800) 40- 147 for automated technical support. This service allows customers to find commonly asked question to products and their answers free of charge.

Call (1)47- between 00 AM and 00 PM Eastern time, Monday through Friday (excluding holidays), to speak to a technical support agent. Please be at your computer when you call.

Customer Service Center

Customer Service staff is available Monday through Friday, 800 AM to 800 PM EST. You can reach us by

Calling at 617-761-000

Faxing at 617-44-588

E-mailing at cust_serv@learningco.com

Web site www.printeverything.com.

Writing to

Mindscape Customer Service

One Athenaeum St.

Cambridge, MA 014

We hope you enjoy using PrintMaster!

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