WALTER GROPIUS

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Introduction

The architectural movements of the twentieth century have produced numerous landmark building of immense historical significance. Modernism has become a term that requires definition, in architecture and other disciplines. ¡§Bauhaus modernism¡¨ is characterized in terms of period, location, ideas, and formal considerations. The contribution of Modernism and modern deign would traced back to The Bauhaus and its founder Walter Gropius. Apart from the central iconic buildings, there has many symbolic importance achieves that goes well beyond the architecture.

WALTER GROPIUS (188-16)

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Walter Gropius was born in Berlin in 188, he came from a family of architects, designed the Bauhaus after an apprenticeship in the office of Peter Behrens. Gropius was appointed Director of the Bauhaus in11 where established in Weimar, Germany. His early design, with his long-time partner ADOLF Meyer, for the Chicago Tribune Tower (1) PRESAGES THE International Style, but his Fagus Shoe Factory ¡V also designed with Meyer- precedes and predicts the Bauhaus. Designed and built between 111 and 15, the Fagus Factory bears pronounced similarities to the Bauhaus, although it relied structurally on brick rather than concrete. It is a serious, purposeful structure which was intended reflect its mission; with its concentrated focus on education artists and designers to produce design work for the new modern industrial age. The building embraced at once both artistry and technology and as such it had a symbolic importance that went beyond the structure itself. From 18 to 141, he worked on a series of houses with Marcel Breuer and in 145 he founded The Architects Collaborative in USA. It is believed that Gropius created innovative designs that borrowed materials and methods of construction from modern technology. There were many other masterpieces that created by Gropius such as Gropius House, Lincoln, Massachusetts in 17, Harvard Graduate Center, Cambridge in 150. The stylistic simplicity of Gropius¡¥s works seemed fulfilled simultaneously the aesthetic, functional, and represented demands that the economy placed on the new architecture. They were innovative and gave the impression of being exclusive. The rationality and clarity of the geometric forms appealed to finance¡¦s desire for control and power.

The Bauhaus and Its Theory

The Bauhaus literally meaning ¡¥building house¡¦ in German promoted cross-disciplinary collaboration, thinking outside the square and working with industry for commercial applications. These ideas, which were integral to making the Bauhaus revolutionary in its time, are as pertinent for creative professionals today. In 11 The Bauhaus was founded in Weimar, Germany where Walter Gropius were uniting the Weimar Art Academy and Henry van de Velde¡¦s School of industrial Arts, which had been found in 115. In 15 the school was moved to Dessau, in 1 it was moved to Berlin and dissolved in 1. Bauhaus manifesto committed it to ¡¥forgoing all forms of art into a single whole, to bring back together all artistic disciplines - sculpture, painting, arts and crafts, and manual trades- and making them integral components of a new art of building¡¦. During the years between the two World Wars, Germany was in a state of cultural, political and economical turmoil. The theory that the Bauhaus underlined was to promoted the design to assist industry and society where required motivation and inspiration through producing functional, economic and aesthetically pleasing products for mass production. When the Bauhaus during the period in Dessau, the curriculum was reorganised, and aligned more closely with the needs of industry, also The Bauhaus Corporation was formed to market prototype products to local industries. The main principles of the ¡¥unity between arts¡¦ was enunciated and the school opened with 07 students and initially offered workshops and classes and combined art with engineering and craftsmanship. At the end of the century, the Bauhaus remains a remarkable cultural historical phenomenon.

Innovations and Influence of The Bauhaus

The Bauhaus innovations were the employment of metal tubes in the design of furniture, with highly polished surfaces, made interesting by texture rather than by decoration. In Bauhaus, with all this innovations, it could be demonstrated that the arts and crafts had been brought together in a unified whole which emphasized the collaborative nature of the many arts connected with building. Abstract Expression Art and Op Art were had its roots from The Bauhaus. Bauhaus architecture flourished throughout European country and had a deep influence in America where the International Style began. The experiments in mass production, the concept of the industrial design and the standard design were influenced the modern approach to the design today. Through the influence in education and in practice, Bauhaus brought not only the concepts of the modernism of architecture but also from all aspects of art and design where involved with interior design, furniture design, graphic design and beyond.

The Group¡¦s Approach

The approach of our group will be focused on a deep research of the Walter Gropius and its influences. The main scheme design, the interiors, the compositional elements and con- struction process as well as the designer¡¦s motivation, philosophy and his influences will be included in this research. Also, we will be working on a main discussion of the issues which help us to develop our design work in the future. The group discussion and tasks sharing of research finding will be performed through out this project.

Bibliography

Gropius, Walter. Bauhausbauten Dessau, Bauhaus Book No.1, Munich, 10.

Bayer, H et al. 50 years Bauhaus, catalog of the exhibition at the Royal Academy of Arts, London, 186.

Gropius, Walter. The Scope of Total Architecture, London. 156.

Wingler, H.M. The Bauhaus Weimar Dessau Berlin Chicago, Cambridge, Mass. 16.

Web Reference

http//www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/G/Gropius.html

http//www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Gropius_House.html

http//www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/GropiusWalter/

http//craton.geol.brocku.ca/guest/jurgen/bau1.htm

http//people.ucsc.edu/~gflores/bauhaus/history.html

Group Member

101074 TZY Y. YANG

10101741 HYESUN KIM

10111817 LINGLING YU

Introduction

The architectural movements of the twentieth century have produced numerous landmark building of immense historical significance. Modernism has become a term that requires definition, in architecture and other disciplines. ¡§Bauhaus modernism¡¨ is characterized in terms of period, location, ideas, and formal considerations. The contribution of Modernism and modern deign would traced back to The Bauhaus and its founder Walter Gropius. Apart from the central iconic buildings, there has many symbolic importance achieves that goes well beyond the architecture.

WALTER GROPIUS (188-16)

Walter Gropius was born in Berlin in 188, he came from a family of architects, designed the Bauhaus after an apprenticeship in the office of Peter Behrens. Gropius was appointed Director of the Bauhaus in11 where established in Weimar, Germany. His early design, with his long-time partner ADOLF Meyer, for the Chicago Tribune Tower (1) PRESAGES THE International Style, but his Fagus Shoe Factory ¡V also designed with Meyer- precedes and predicts the Bauhaus. Designed and built between 111 and 15, the Fagus Factory bears pronounced similarities to the Bauhaus, although it relied structurally on brick rather than concrete. It is a serious, purposeful structure which was intended reflect its mission; with its concentrated focus on education artists and designers to produce design work for the new modern industrial age. The building embraced at once both artistry and technology and as such it had a symbolic importance that went beyond the structure itself. From 18 to 141, he worked on a series of houses with Marcel Breuer and in 145 he founded The Architects Collaborative in USA. It is believed that Gropius created innovative designs that borrowed materials and methods of construction from modern technology. There were many other masterpieces that created by Gropius such as Gropius House, Lincoln, Massachusetts in 17, Harvard Graduate Center, Cambridge in 150. The stylistic simplicity of Gropius¡¥s works seemed fulfilled simultaneously the aesthetic, functional, and represented demands that the economy placed on the new architecture. They were innovative and gave the impression of being exclusive. The rationality and clarity of the geometric forms appealed to finance¡¦s desire for control and power.

The Bauhaus and Its Theory

The Bauhaus literally meaning ¡¥building house¡¦ in German promoted cross-disciplinary collaboration, thinking outside the square and working with industry for commercial applications. These ideas, which were integral to making the Bauhaus revolutionary in its time, are as pertinent for creative professionals today. In 11 The Bauhaus was founded in Weimar, Germany where Walter Gropius were uniting the Weimar Art Academy and Henry van de Velde¡¦s School of industrial Arts, which had been found in 115. In 15 the school was moved to Dessau, in 1 it was moved to Berlin and dissolved in 1. Bauhaus manifesto committed it to ¡¥forgoing all forms of art into a single whole, to bring back together all artistic disciplines - sculpture, painting, arts and crafts, and manual trades- and making them integral components of a new art of building¡¦. During the years between the two World Wars, Germany was in a state of cultural, political and economical turmoil. The theory that the Bauhaus underlined was to promoted the design to assist industry and society where required motivation and inspiration through producing functional, economic and aesthetically pleasing products for mass production. When the Bauhaus during the period in Dessau, the curriculum was reorganised, and aligned more closely with the needs of industry, also The Bauhaus Corporation was formed to market prototype products to local industries. The main principles of the ¡¥unity between arts¡¦ was enunciated and the school opened with 07 students and initially offered workshops and classes and combined art with engineering and craftsmanship. At the end of the century, the Bauhaus remains a remarkable cultural historical phenomenon.

Innovations and Influence of The Bauhaus

The Bauhaus innovations were the employment of metal tubes in the design of furniture, with highly polished surfaces, made interesting by texture rather than by decoration. In Bauhaus, with all this innovations, it could be demonstrated that the arts and crafts had been brought together in a unified whole which emphasized the collaborative nature of the many arts connected with building. Abstract Expression Art and Op Art were had its roots from The Bauhaus. Bauhaus architecture flourished throughout European country and had a deep influence in America where the International Style began. The experiments in mass production, the concept of the industrial design and the standard design were influenced the modern approach to the design today. Through the influence in education and in practice, Bauhaus brought not only the concepts of the modernism of architecture but also from all aspects of art and design where involved with interior design, furniture design, graphic design and beyond.

The Group¡¦s Approach

The approach of our group will be focused on a deep research of the Walter Gropius and its influences. The main scheme design, the interiors, the compositional elements and con- struction process as well as the designer¡¦s motivation, philosophy and his influences will be included in this research. Also, we will be working on a main discussion of the issues which help us to develop our design work in the future. The group discussion and tasks sharing of research finding will be performed through out this project.

Bibliography

Gropius, Walter. Bauhausbauten Dessau, Bauhaus Book No.1, Munich, 10.

Bayer, H et al. 50 years Bauhaus, catalog of the exhibition at the Royal Academy of Arts, London, 186.

Gropius, Walter. The Scope of Total Architecture, London. 156.

Wingler, H.M. The Bauhaus Weimar Dessau Berlin Chicago, Cambridge, Mass. 16.

Web Reference

http//www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/G/Gropius.html

http//www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Gropius_House.html

http//www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/GropiusWalter/

http//craton.geol.brocku.ca/guest/jurgen/bau1.htm

http//people.ucsc.edu/~gflores/bauhaus/history.html

Please note that this sample paper on WALTER GROPIUS is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on WALTER GROPIUS, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on WALTER GROPIUS will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from cheap essay writing service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Honesty is the best policy

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on honesty is the best policy. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality honesty is the best policy paper right on time.

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I was shocked to read in a newspaper, recently, that many youngsters see nothing particularly wrong in shoplifting; fiddling Social Security; attacks on property; taking a car for a joyride; insulting or bothering strangers; prostitution and smoking cannabis. This made me really think. Is honesty the best policy? Why? Just what good does it do to be an honest and upright citizen? When you read reports of the number of people in positions of trust who use that very trust to enrich themselves, what does it say to the youngsters? Dont get caught is all. No one knows how much crime of a large scale goes undetected ­ so why not try it on a small scale? Just how many people fiddle their Income Tax, Social Security, their own firms? Where do you draw the line? Is it the size of an operation that makes it illegal? You know a pen brought home from the office, a private call on the Firms phone in the Firms time, photocopying using the Firms paper and machine ­ are these acceptable because theyre so small? Never mind what justification you can think of for it, it is dishonest and we all do it to some extent. It is to our benefit to do so so does honesty pay? If dishonesty pays for us older people, should we not expect it to pay for the youngsters as well?

You might say Crime causes feelings of guilt and fear of being found out. But does it? This may apply to someone engaged in large-scale crime who was originally law-abiding ­ but for petty things? Perhaps some people find that threat a fillip, an added spice to an otherwise dull existence. Perhaps they just do not feel guilty at all ­ how do we know? Theyre not going to go around telling anyone what they feel, are they? Guilt may well be the curse of older folk brought up on the mores of honesty, disapproval of crime, and the belief that the criminal gets caught and punished and that therefore there is a degree of shame attached to wrongdoing. How much influence on adults attitudes did the Church have? The awful threat that God could see everything that you did and would punish you severely for whatever you did wrong ­ how much effect did that have? For how long? Did there come a time when, after judicious experimenting, you realised that God wasnt bothered about your wrongdoing or maybe didnt even see it? Does this apply to youngsters today? The fear of chastisement from one or other of ones parents was quite a strong deterrent; I wonder just how much response children get from their parents these days. From what one sees of childrens behaviour at school, and young peoples attitude at work, I dont think there can be much. In the past the police were a much greater influence, too. They could give summary discipline on the spot and the young offender would have to take it and learn from it. Can you imagine that happening today? The parents would most likely complain about police behaviour, first! Think about shop-lifting and the way it sends up the cost of goods to the legitimate customer. Yet youngsters appear to think a small amount of shoplifting is OK. What makes them think this? Upon what do they base their judgement? Is it that they cant see that there is anything wrong, or do they get such a kick out of it its worth the risks? Do they think theyll get off lightly if theyre caught? All too often they will!

What about stealing through fiddling the Social Security or the taxman, or whatever amorphous department you care to think of? There seems to be an attitude of it being a game and the best one wins you win if you can get away with it and you lose if you cant and have to pay up. The untaxed cash payment or the backhander; the plain omission of amount or information that would result in taxation; the payment in kind; or simple dishonesty and fraud, are all forms of stealing. There are enough legal loopholes as it is without having to defraud the DHSS or the IR or whoever. Yet this seems to be almost an acceptable thing. The same as avoiding paying car tax or TV licences. The honest person pays through the nose for those who dont pay at all. There doesnt seem to be enough peer pressure to right or even to prevent these frauds; so if adults are behaving thus, how can one expect young people to be any different? Surely they are going to follow the examples set to them? Similarly with smoking cannabis if their Pop Idols do so, why shouldnt they? How can one persuade them otherwise?

Prostitution is another thing youngsters see no harm in. (The newspaper report didnt say how many girls ­ as opposed to boys ­ gave this point of view.) Again they could be apeing their elders. What sort of standards do we set them? How do they arrive at these opinions? Indeed, what knowledge or experience do they have to go on to form their opinions? Surely it is only hearsay ­ but I fear it may not be. Should they gain information of such things from the newspapers? (And how could one prevent them,?) It is something that they can read well enough to read a newspaper! Should items such as Cynthia Payne and her parties be omitted from TV and papers? Do the kids give any thought to the ramifications of illicit sex? Probably not, alas. It would seem that a number of adults dont, either.

Buy honesty is the best policy term paper

So far, to some extent, they are following in their elders footsteps; but what about joy-riding in cars? This seems to me to be much more of a young persons activity than an older ones. Where do they get the idea that this is OK? Their attitude seems to be Whats yours is mine and whats mine is my own, and therefore they have as much right to anothers possessions as they want ­ regardless of what it might mean to the owner. Is it easy come, easy go for their own belongings and so they see ownership in a different light from other people? Are they able to replace damaged goods so easily and uncaringly that it doesnt occur to them what more damage than intrinsic worth they are doing when they take a car or damage property? It may be a sign of growing older that one acquires chattels for the memories or pleasure they bring, which then makes themirreplaceable. Perhaps this is something young people have to grow into before they can realise what hurt they are causing by attacking property and effects. Until then, I suppose, its just a game to them; a way of showing their worth, their derring-do to their peers.

Also, according to the report, a large proportion of young people consider it trivial to insult or bother strangers ­ as long as they are not attacked sexually! They obviously have no idea how upsetting, frightening even, (and certainly unpleasant) such an experience is for the people so abused ­ whether men or women ­ and especially for older folk. This, again, seems to be something theyve thought up for themselves ­ I hope! I cant imagine any circumstances by which they would learn this from adults. But why do they do it? What pleasure and satisfaction does it give them? I assume that it makes them feel big and important; that soemone is taking notice of them; I can only assume they choose this way as its the easiest and most immediate. I think this, again, is something that can best be dealt with by peer pressure ­ but cant think how it might be brought about.

How has this climate of dishonesty arisen? It is a recent phenomenon for the most part. From what Ive read and heard, in the past, even in the porrest ares it was safe to leave ones door unlocked, whether one was in or out. Why has this changed? Is it because we now have so many moveable, saleable goods that there is more temptation? Is it because we make more show of what goods we have a second TV, a third or fourth radio, a video recorder now, and so forth, so that more people know what we have in our houses? With so many expensive toys on display in the shops, on TV and hoardings, in papers and magazines, it is not easy to accept the fact that they are beyond ones reach. That these are not necessities but luxuries that can be done without no matter what ones friends or neighbours might have.

It also seems to me that the whole climate of honesty/dishonesty has changed and this is how, I think, it has happened. In the past, looting was part of a soldiers pay, quite likely the only pay he got. Even in the First World War a soldiers pay was not much and he was inclined to supplement it in whatever way he could; and here his uniform anonymity was in his favour. Items could go missing and be blamed on war damage or loss. this was even more apparent in the second World War goods were liberated and re-deployed on an unheard of scale and no one seemed to really object. |There was a good market and no questions asked for whatever became available from whomever had items to offer. After the war, while there was still rationing, the same black market applied and I think it has continued thus up to the present time. The things that fall off the back of a lorry and are sold cheaply; the overload of work the police have to contend with (which means much petty crime just doesnt get investigated); the general attitude of acceptance, all conspire to make honesty less attractive. The small instances of dishonesty get passed over and ignored, the large instances of dishonesty get a lot of publicity some time after the crime was done and the punishment is very often meagre. The sheer volume of deliquency super-saturates our senses and begins to wash over us unregarded, so that we become numbed by it all if youre struggling for your life in the sea, which wavelet do you attempt to survive first?

It makes me wonder if honesty is the best policy ­ but if it isnt, what is going to happen to us all ­ especially the youngsters who will be the parents of the following generations? Is it possible that they have the right attitude to honesty? Has my upbringing been wrong for this time in our evolution? Honestly, what do you think?

honesty is the best policy

Please note that this sample paper on honesty is the best policy is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on honesty is the best policy, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on honesty is the best policy will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Butterfly

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PrintMaster 8.0

Readme

Contents

Minimum System Requirements

Custom writing service can write essays on butterfly

Program Notes

Troubleshooting

Windows NT(r) Troubleshooting

Technical Support and Customer Service

_______________________________________________________________

PrintMaster 8.0

Minimum System Requirements

Windows(r) 5/8 or Windows NT(r) 4.0 (Service Pack )

Pentium 0 MHz or faster

16 MB RAM

Hard Disk with minimum 60-10MB of free space (Depending on version)

SVGA video card supporting 800 x 600, 56 colors or greater

X CD-ROM drive (4X recommended)

Windows compatible mouse

Windows compatible printer

Optional

Sound card and speakers

For Internet Access

14,400 baud or faster modem

Additional 8MB free hard disk space for Internet Software Installation

Program Notes

________________________________________________________________

Note PrintMaster users can now print out a Users Guide from the Help files.

Heres how to do it

(1) Launch PrintMaster 8.0. and click cancel at the Hub.

() Choose Show Help Window from the Help menu.

() Click on the Show button at the top of the Help window, then on the Index tab.

(4) Either scroll down the topics or type in the keyword Users Guide. You can also find the Users Guide in the Table of Contents, under Before You Start.

If you are a new user, you might find it helpful to print out this Users Guide and keep it nearby for easy reference.

__________________________________________________________________

Note Not all features and content are available in all versions of PrintMaster 8.0

Platinum, Premier and Gold users have access to the following features d Animated Greetings (w/ users Internet Access), Photo Organizer, Cartoon-A-Matic, Event Reminder, Address Book/Mail Merge, Border Plus, Serif Draw, Sentiments, Photo Workshop, Headlines, Seals & Timepieces, Automatic Event Mailing, .GIF file support, Web Art Gallery, Previewing animated .GIFs, Web Page Projects, Web Publishing and Web Menu Features, Online Art Gallery (w/ users Internet Access).

Deluxe users have access to the following features Cartoon-A-Matic, Event Reminder, Address Book/Mail Merge, Border Plus, Serif Draw, Sentiments, Photo Workshop, Headlines, Seals & Timepieces, Automatic Event Mailing, .GIF file support, Web Art Gallery, Previewing animated .GIFs, Web Page Projects, Web Publishing and Web Menu Features, Online Art Gallery (w/ users Internet Access).

Silver users have access to the following features Cartoon-A-Matic, Event Reminder, Address Book/Mail Merge, Border Plus, Serif Draw, Sentiments, Photo Workshop, Online Art Gallery (w/ users Internet Access)

Classic users have access to the following features The Year You Were Born, Online Art Gallery (w/ users Internet Access)

________________________________________________________________

Note If you encounter an error load sound chunk message when attempting to view D Greetings, please be aware that this seems to be specific to the driver for the Yamaha OPL-SAx or the OPL-SAx sound card on Windows 5 systems.

You see this error message because the Yamaha OPL-SAx sound system driver does not work with DirectX 5, which is required for these animations. Yamaha does not provide a driver for the OPL-SAx or the Yamaha OPL-SAx that is DirectX-compatible.

This error does not occur on Windows 8 systems or on Windows 5 systems using other sound cards, including the Yamaha OPL-SA. The Yamaha OPL-SAx WDM driver works with DirectX 5 and Windows 8.

Note For information regarding Microsoft DirectX, and hardware compatibility, go to your computer manufacturers website or visit the Microsoft site for more information. It is advised to always update your video card and sound card drivers before installation of PrintMaster, and this can be achieved in part by updating to the current version of DirectX.

Note If you are interested in creating projects using animated .gifs, please be aware that animated .gifs will lose their animation if rotated, mirrored or placed on other objects. Animated .gifs can only be used in single panel projects and will lose their animation in multi-paneled cards such as half-fold, quarter-fold and note cards.

Note When using The Year You Were Born, to enter a birth date after 000, you must enter four digits for the year. For instance, enter the year 00 as 00 and not 0.

Note Users will not be able to register this program after the year 07. We suggest upgrading before that date.

Note During the uninstall of PrintMaster, PrintMaster may asked if you wish to remove a shared file that is no longer in use. This reporting may be incorrect from the registry of the operating system. Even though the PrintMaster uninstall may state that a shared system file is no longer needed, it is strongly advised to keep the system file instead of removing it.

Note If you experience any printing performance issues on your operating system, please consult your operating systemss user manual on tips to increase paging/swap file sizes and setup.

Troubleshooting

______________________________________________________________

We have outlined some helpful troubleshooting tips for the most common problems associated with PrintMaster below

1. Issue Slow performance of standard operations

Solution Verify your computer meets or exceeds minimum system requirements. If necessary, increase RAM, CD-ROM speed or hard disk space to enhance performance.

Example While using program, computer and monitor subject to freezes and lock-ups

. Issue Unable to receive order when ordering online from The Art & More Store

Try one of the following solutions A) Make sure your modem is properly connected and turned on;

B) Make sure youre connected using a modem and not a T1 line; C) Order via phone, fax or mail instead of by modem

Example From within the Art & More Store, youve selected the packs you wish to purchase by checking the box next to the individual packs, and youve chosen the appropriate choice in the Applicable Tax and Country you are ordering from fields. When you press the Modem... button,

the following message eventually appears The call to send your order could not be completed

Note The ordering function does not work properly over a T1 line. If you connect to the Internet via a T1 line, order your PrintMaster Packs by phone, fax or mail.

. Issue Printing projects takes an extremely long time

Try one of the following solutions A) Make sure your computer meets the minimum system requirements to run PrintMaster; B) If necessary, upgrade RAM and hard-disk space to bolster speed and performance.

Example Printing a template takes 1-15 minutes

Note Slow Printing performance is normal on machines meeting only the minimum system requirements

4. Issue Unable to launch PrintMaster by double-clicking on a previously saved certificate project within Windows Explorer

Solution Open saved certificate projects located in your MindscapeAGCraftUser000Projects folder by first launching PrintMaster (either from the Start Menu, or by double-clicking a desktop shortcut, or the application file found in the Program FilesMindscapeAGCraft folder). Navigate to the project gallery (either by clicking Ready Made from the Hub screen or by selecting File, Open from the workspace screen). Once in the Project Gallery, select Open from the File menu, navigate to the directory where your certificate is located, select the certificate file and open.

Example Launch PrintMaster and open a certificate project.

Do a File, Save As and save the certificate.

Close PrintMaster

Then, in Windows Explorer, go to Program FilesBroderbundPrintMasterUser000Projects. Double click on a certificate project and youll get the error message noted below.

Note Creating and saving a certificate project saves it as project type Internet Security Certificate. While double-clicking on any other project type launches the program if it is not open already, trying to do so with a certificate project results in the error message The selected file does not contain a valid certificate or the certificate is not a root authority. This is a Windows issue, and not something that can be fixed within PrintMaster. Therefore, all certificate projects need to be opened from within the PrintMaster program.

5. Issue Uninstalling PrintMaster from your computer causes you to lose previously ordered add on packs youve purchased.

Solution Call The Learning Company Customer Service at the number listed below and a representative will give you a new access code which you can use to re-open your previously purchased collections. You will need to re-install the program first.

6. Issue Cannot browse images in large view in the Online collection of the Project or Art Galleries. Since the Art & More Store is a collection of projects available for purchase, you cannot view them in large view until youve unlocked with a special unlock code provided to you once youve purchased them. If you try to switch to large view while in this collection, youll be prompted to go to the order form.

Solution Browse the Online Collection in small and medium view only. When you come across a set or sets youd like to have, double click on one, or switch to large view to trigger the Online Order Form dialog box. Purchase the sets youd like, then once theyre unlocked, browse in large view if you prefer.

7. Issue Either the front and/or inside text of some sentiments selected from the Sentiment Gallery dont fit within the default text box on quarter fold card projects.

Try one of the following solutions After youve selected your sentiment and are returned to the workspace screen, 1) Select the text box by clicking on it, and drag the handles out to stretch it so that all the text can be seen; ) Click inside the text box, then choose Edit, Select All to select all the text, and decrease the font size, making the text smaller so that it all fits within the box; ) For particularly long sentiments, try a combination of steps one and two.

Note This issue with sentiments not fitting is confined to quarter fold card project types. Default text box sizes on other project types should accommodate all the sentiments.

_________________________________________________________________

Windows NT(r) Troubleshooting

1. Issue Projects print slowly running Windows NT.

Solution In the Print dialog in PrintMaster, select Advanced. In the Advanced Settings dialog, place a check mark in the box marked Print as Bitmap. This will convert the project to a bitmap before sending the file to the printer. This will speed up printing and should not degrade the quality of the printed image.

Solution In the Print dialog in PrintMaster, reduce the print quality setting. This will also speed up the printing process.

. Issue Long delay when attempting to print projects in Windows NT. There is no error message seen and the printer eventually times out and the spooler becomes empty. The program continues running.

Solution PrintMaster 8.0 requires more memory than previous versions of the product and thus may require a larger NT system paging file than 4 MB Initial and MB Maximum on a system with MB of RAM. This can be fixed by increasing the size of the NT virtual memory file. We recommend a paging file size of 10 MB Initial and 00 MB Maximum. To do this Open System in the Control Panel. Click on the Performance tab, and click Change... in the Virtual Memory group.

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Please note that this sample paper on butterfly is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on butterfly, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on butterfly will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Abstract fo Chevron's Western BusinessUnit

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ARTICLE SUMMARY

Donald D. Parker

COM 515

Linda T. Kulka

Custom Essays on Abstract fo Chevron's Western BusinessUnit

June 7, 00

I choose to read the article "Self Managed Work Teams" from the selected readings of

the COM 515 course material. The article focused on Chevron oil company's Western

Production Business Unit. The three key points of the article

1. That companies are increasingly employing the team concept.

. That the team concept has increased the efficiency of Chevron's Western

Production Business Unit.

. That the team concept should not be viewed as a quick fix.

The article points out the reason for Chevron's decision to employ the team concept

Was due to the need to foster team work, increase employee involvement, and

Cultivate employee empowerment. The article also pointed out the need for various

personnel from all areas of the organization to participate in the team organizing but

spent very little time discussing the draw backs of forming teams, The need to train team

members and the cost of transition from one organizational norm to a totally foreign

concept.

Summary pg.

The article points out that by the year 000, 50% of all American businesses will

employ the self managed team concept. I have two questions

1. Is the team concept better employed in a manufacturing capacity where

production teams have always thrived? Or does it suit all businesses including

governments and service industries?

. How will teams be of benefit to your organization?

The team concept for the audit profession has been in vogue in some form or fashion for

many years. I can't say that it is a team by the definition that the article uses, but I can

say that team work is very necessary during an audit. Each team member has his or her

assignment, that if not carried out properly, can and often does lead to erroneous

conclusions. In my time at the Illinois Department of Insurance, I was alerted by another

audit team member of the fact that the CPA's had qualified the company's PSDA

( Policyholders Security Deposit Account) report. This was very unusual. If a

qualification was to be issued, it should have occurred within the report that was issued

to both the company and to the Department. This put us on alert that there was a problem.

We later learned that the company's loss reserves were deficient and that the company

was insolvent. I credit that team member for his being aware that the qualification

indicated a problem that was later determined by other members of the audit team.

The need for team work is important, but how important for all American businesses is

it?

Summary pg.

SOURCES

Mohsen Attaran and Tai T. Nguyen (Jul/Aug). Self Managed Work Teams

[Electronic version].Industrial Management, vol.41 Issue 4, p4,5p

Wayne S. Chaneski (Mar), Self Managed Work Teams Don't Just Happen

[Electronic version] Modern Machine Shop, vol. 71 Issue 10, p5,p

Please note that this sample paper on Abstract fo Chevron's Western BusinessUnit is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Abstract fo Chevron's Western BusinessUnit, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Abstract fo Chevron's Western BusinessUnit will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The tragedy of war in art.

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The Tragedy of war.

Two armies organize and prepare for battle;soldiers, armed to the

teeth and equipped with the most modern of equipment embark on a

journey of death and destruction. Both sides intoxicated with nationalistic

Buy The tragedy of war in art. term paper

pride conjured up by propaganda with ideologies and doctrines etched in

stone where men would sacrifice life and everything they cherish for mere

words. Sound familiar? This scenario has been rehearsed countless times in

the texts of history books and the cauldrons of the past.

Thousands of men, striped of their individuality and immersed into a

massive, cohesive beast with an insatiable appetite are subject to tortures

unimaginable. This beast, the war machine an irational, insane, illogical

being capable of complete and utter destruction . It has no regard for the

individual that has been assimilated . Most scholors would argue that that

loss of individuality is what makes war tragic, however the tragedy of war

goes beyond this,those individuals experience pain, suffering, death, pity ,

paralysing fear, most bear witness to their own mortality .War creates

feelings such as pity, pathos, sorrow, greif, torment, agony.In war sacrifice

for an ideal or cause is common , the struggle for survival is instinctive and

most, delay an enevatible end.Who has the right to decide who lives and

who dies, which country is to be flattened , the loss of innocence and the

question of what might have been. From the dying soldier on the beeches

of normandy to the peasent being executed, the tragedy of war is far

reaching and the effects can be sensed and experienced by allpoets,

painters, writers, laymen, bearucrats, it has been the subject of countless

writings, poems, songs and paintings.

As we.the soldeirs of the 6th mechanized infantry batalion began to dismount and fix bayonets,

Soviet Yaks can be seen in the distance. The distinctive screech of a diving arch can be heard,

the sound sends shivers down our spines. We run for the nearest foxholes and shelter but

this effort is in vain . With the droping of the heavy ordanace their came the hollow feeling of

despair, the resulting explosions tear flesh from bones, steel from frames and minds from men.

As the Yaks retreat the men begin to regroup and prepare for battle;most ignore the numerous

amounts of dead and wounded, there is not enough of med. supplies to go around;those lucky

men are left to rot or are shot by their commanding officers out of pity.In our brefing we were

told that our mighty air-force, the luttfaffe, would neutrilize all enemy artilery, this was an

obvious fallacy , because at this moment the sweet sound of Soviet artilery belching out it's

lovely , indiscriminate tickets out of hell.At this moment those 84 mm begin to fall with insane

accuarcy .Some laughed as our Cp(command or Hq) was hit first, then our medical reserves,

and of course it would not have been complete without them striking our ammunition depot, the

following explosion sent hundreds of thousands of rounds of OUR ammunition into our own

lines killing men left and right. But we continued, we of course were the spearhead of the

central thurst in the 6th vermacht army, the pride of all pure blooded German peoples as we

were so often told, obviously we could not turn back. With no air cover or artilery suppresion

fire the Soviets had a field day . By the time we had reached the forward contact position our

unit was at 46% operational capacity , but we continued with sinister enthusiasim.The Soviet

Snipers would target our highest ranks and would work their way down, it seemed they had an

intense love for our radio operators limiting our command and control capabilites then see us

frolic on the battlefield with no direction or objective. By night fall the battle reached a

stalemate, us superior Germans and captured 1 of 17 objectives and a front no larger then

city blocks. We had failed, everyone knew, morale was low, possibly lower then our food

stocks.100 of our finest now occupied the Soviet landscape as statues, in graves or all over

area in tiny pieces. All this for a last attempt at victory , outnumbred and our supply lines

streteched to the limit any rational person would have ordered a tactical retreat, regroup

and rebuild, this attack did not make anysense, but whatever the fuher said was right , he was

always right, that bohemian corporl was always right.

"The Power of the Gods resting in the hands of a few men."Men with

the power over life and death. These mere mortals aspire to power to

implement their convulted plans and ideas. As in the case of Germany in

1 when the rational and logical people where over thrown in a silent

revolution of ideas . Adolf Hitler, a man who irrevocably changed the

world was one of these men. He belived that the German people where

superior in every way possible, and he would prove this to the world at any

cost. He controled the masses with propaganda, he propagated ideas of

eugenics, nationalism, aryan superiority and he glorified war.The individual

no longer existed in Germany after 1.

As the mighty German army was beat back by the Russian unslaught ,

countless Germans lost their lives.The above excerpt was taken from an

officers diary during the counter attack at Kursk. It is hard to put into

words, but the tragedy of what happened is beyond the people in our

society, perhaps even the people who ordered the operation .Ordinary men,

whose thoughts are corupted, they become brainwashed and

mindless.Striped of their humanity they no longer bear the title Human ,

these people were once thinking, loving, and rational human beings , but

now they have become barbarians and killers.The apparent question lingers,

why? why does this happen. Men ;duhumanized, and automated, die for

causes unknown.Words ,mere words, taken and turned into

weapons.Senators, dictators, politicans all make these wars happen, while

the common man bares the responibility of excogitating them ,they suffer

through the pain and agony.For example the German soldier was told that

their airforce would neutrilze the Sovet artilery but it was a fallacy , the

artilery was left to do it's job to annihalte the enemy.Words Vs. words ,

that is the tragedy of war in this selection , ideolgies against ideologies and

40 million people died for this futile struggle.

In 17 the world was on the verge of devouring itself for the second

time in the first half of the 0th century.Spain; a divided nation lay in the

midst of a civil war. The rebels, lead by Francisco Franco had the country

by the throat, with the aid of the Nazis, victory was in sight for this

disgruntled General.In the north eastern section of Spain lay a small city

named Guernica. An elite wing of the Nazi airforce was attached to the

Spanish rebels , this wing, the condor wing was given the oportunity to

train and prepare for future wars. It was the proving ground for the

blitzkreig tactics used against Britian and France years later. In the early

morning hours the inhabitants of Guernica awakend to a world of hell. The

indiscriminate bombing of civilians was the headlines on all the worlds

major newspapers. Pablo Picasso transposed the destruction into a

painting,an image of pain and brutality that depicts the fascist bombing of

the town.Can this painting be classified as a tragedy ? The answer ia yes.

The painting is a general meditaion on suffering, and its symbols are

archaic the gored and speared horse(the Spainish Republic)the bull(german

air force) towering over the bereaved, shrieking woman. This city had no

statregic value, they bombed it to test the potency and effectiveness of their

air power. They tested their killing machines by killing innocent people so

they could kill at a later date. This is the tragey that Picasso captured in his

painting, the destruction of innocence with the towering, invincible force

that the civilians had no defense against to enable the killers to kill better.

To commemorate the 70th anniversiry of Russias defeat over

Napolean during the Napoleonic wars; a lucrative commision was granted

to Tchaikovsky to compose an overture in recognition of this ‘great'

victory. The celebration of death and destruction . The death of countless

men now celebrated as if this blatant murder of precious life was a good

thing.As you listen to the overture a strange cresendo can be felt building

throughout your body , a frenzy of emotion begins to overflow, like the

perverbial pot left to boil over on a stove.It is hard for any writer to put

into words , however the most appropriate word that I can think of would

be adrenalized, the feeling of power and the iresistable urge to ‘bust skulls'

is undeniable, the feelings created by the overture , the glorifying of war is

what makes this piece so tragic.To take mans best , to do mans worst

music, regarded as one of mans most crowning achievements used to

inspire mans worst. Tragic, but true.

No matter how much we progress as a race ;its all in vain because the

desire to crush our neighbors is inherent.This tarnish apon society has

impeded our development since the beginning of recorded history , fueled

by our instincts man is nothing more than Barbarains in expensive suits.The

assimilation of the individual , the sacrifice of thousands of men for

words.The utilization of mans best to do mans worse.To take away

innocence from men women and children who could not understand what

is happening and why .These concepts make war tragic.We must learn to

abandon this barbarism.We must learn not to be taken in by politicians and

be rational and critical beings.........What if they gave a war , and nobody

came?

What did u learn in school today , dear little boy of mine?

What did u learn in school today , dear little boy of mine?

I learned that war is not so bad

I learned about the great ones we have had

We fought in Germany and in France

And I am someday to get my chance

That's what I learned in school today

That's what I learned in school.

-A song by Tom Paxton

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'The formation and dissolution of marriage in early medieval Ireland was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction.' Is this a fair assessment?

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The formation and dissolution of marriage in early medieval Ireland was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction. Is this a fair assessment?

This is a fair assessment, as the reality of medieval Irish society, as represented through the Vernacular legal tracts; strongly indicate that the formation and dissolution of marriage was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction. Legal tracts from early medieval Ireland provide both the ideal and the reality of marriage during the period. The Collectio Canonum Hibernensis, a collection of Canon Laws, gives the ideal of marriage as seen by the Christian Church, while vernacular laws, namely Cáin Lánamna, the Heptads, and Díre tracts, express the realities of the formation and dissolution of marriage in early Irish society. Tatsuki comments on these opposing legal texts saying that the Hibernensis was the basic guide to church administration as well as being a source of moral direction to churchmen and laymen alike. The Irish laws, on the other hand, presuppose a wider application to all of lay society, with few moral overtones. Marriage as described in vernacular law was clearly shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction with the acceptance of polygamy, separation and divorce. However, for the most part, the opposite can be said of Canon Law, under which many of the actualities of marriage in early medieval Irish society were prohibited. In this essay I will examine the treatment of the formation and dissolution of marriage in both the Hibernensis, which portrays the ideal and vernacular laws, which portray the reality of marriage within society.

Canonical rules about sexual conduct…aimed to encourage everyone who could do so to renounce the pursuit of sexual pleasure, and to embrace, instead, a life of perpetual virginity, unblemished by any sexual experience whatever Brundages assessment of Canon Law strongly argues that reproduction was not central to Christian ideals. Two books within Collectio Canonum Hibernensis deal directly with marriage and sexuality, Liber XLV - De quaestionibus mulierum and Liber XLVI - De ratione matrimonii. Liber XLV opens with the phrase that virginity is to be praised in either sex as virginity is the highest state of spirituality available to mankind, while marriage and therefore are clearly not affiliated with the ideal state. Liber XLVI deals specifically with marriage. Under Canon Law marriage is believed to be monogamous, permanent and mutually consensual. Liber XLVI prohibits adultery, polygamy, the existence of concubines, and consanguinity. In this respect, the Hibernensis is certainly not a document that is promoting a society with the aim of maximising reproduction.

While Canon Law emphasised that marriage was a life long contract and that divorce was not accepted, annulments were granted on rare occasions and on limited grounds. One of the grounds on which an annulment was granted was where impotency within the marriage, which had to be proven in order to achieve an annulment. This suggests that while the Christian Church certainly did not shape marriage with the aim of maximising reproduction, they did however, on rare occasions allow for the annulment of marriage where reproduction could not occur.

Order Custom 'The formation and dissolution of marriage in early medieval Ireland was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction.' Is this a fair assessment? paper

Vernacular law details the actual formation and dissolution of marriage in early medieval society in Ireland. The society represented in vernacular law is a stark contrast to the idealised views represented in the Hibernensis. Cáin Lánamna lists nine various forms of sexual union including those which would have been permanent, semi-permanent and transitory, all of which were recognised as being legitimate unions and contracts, thus demonstrating that this document is a product of a society obsessed with and aimed at maximising reproduction. The first three forms of sexual union listed in Cáin Lánamna are thought to have been the most common in Irish society during the period and were also acceptable under Canon Law. The extensive detail in which Cáin Lánamna enters into in regards to the settling and division of goods following divorce indicates how common divorce was in early medieval Ireland and also as it was so strictly legislated for, this made it easily obtainable. According to Corráin , the most common form of marriage in early medieval Ireland was lánamnas comthinchur, in which both properties contribute property or goods to the marriage. If the marriage is dissolved, each partner receives back what he or she contributed to the marriage, and any profit form the marriage is divided into thirds, with one-third going to the partner who provided the land, one-third to the partner who provided the cattle and the final third to the partner who provided the labour. If the divorce is fault based, the partner at fault is heavily penalised in the division of the marital profits.

Another element of vernacular law that indicates that the formation and dissolution of marriage in early medieval Ireland was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction is the presence and acceptance of polygamy in vernacular legal tracts. This is mentioned briefly in Cáin Lánamna and in more detail in the Díre and Heptad law tracts. The Díre lists five forms of wife that were possible under early Irish law. The first of these being the ctmuinter with sons, who was given the highest legal status and had the closest ties to her husband. After which is a ctmuinter without sons. Following this there is the ben aititen aranaiscc fine, who is a wife who is accepted and betrothed by her kindred, who is then followed by the ben aititen nad-aurnascar nad-forngarar who is not betrothed and who does not have the permission of her kindred to enter the relationship. The final classification of wife in the Díre is a ben bis for foxul dar apud n-athur no fine, a woman who is abducted against the wishes of her kindred. The Heptads also make reference to the existence of a polygamous society in Ireland in the early medieval period, particularly a commentary to Heptad 6 in which polygamy is fully justified in cases where the ctmuinter is unable to bear children due to sickness or injury. This again is evident of a society in which the formation and dissolution of multiple marriages was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction. As Jaski further notes, the Collectio Canonum Hibernensis prohibited polygamy in Irish society however, as the vernacular laws suggests, Canon law did not have that big an influence on society in early medieval Ireland for that prohibition to have an affect.

The dissolution of marriage in early medieval Ireland was also clearly aimed at maximising reproduction. Both the Heptads and Cáin Lánamna list grounds on which fault based divorce could be established, many of which are concerned with sexual or reproductive failings on either party. Cáin Lánamna, for the most part, deals with divorce in terms of the division of property and goods, while the Heptads list the grounds on which either party can sue for divorce. The Heptads state that a woman can divorce her husband if he is impotent, too overweight for sex, homosexual, sterile, and if her husband is a member of holy orders and is therefore unable to reconcile his mutual obligation, namely sexual relations with his wife and his vow of chastity to the Church. Other grounds on which a wife can sue for divorce include if the husband goes on a long journey or pilgrimage whereby he obviously is unable to partake in sexual relations with his wife. Donnacha Corráin states that A woman may divorce a sexually unsatisfactory husband-one who is sterile, impotent, or homosexual. In the case of the first two the substantive ground for the divorce is that no children can be expected of the marriage. This emphasises the point that the formation and dissolution of marriage was greatly shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction. Similarly many of the grounds on which a man can sue for divorce are based on reproductive failings and provide clear evidence that the dissolution of marriage was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction. A man could sue for divorce on grounds of infidelity, sterility, abortion, infanticide or if his wife, due to sickness, was unable to produce milk for her offspring. The grounds for fault based divorce in early medieval Ireland indicate that the dissolution of marriage came about largely on the grounds of sexual or reproductive failings, and that the dissolution of marriage was aimed at maximising reproduction.

The provision on temporary separation in the Heptads is yet another example of how the formation and dissolution of marriage was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction. As with divorce, the majority of grounds for temporary separation were connected with sexual failings within the marriage. Heptad 5 lists eleven circumstances in which temporary separation could occur. Temporary separation could occur in cases where the husband leaves to go on pilgrimage or a long journey, and therefore cannot have sexual relations with his wife and thus reproduce. Also, if either partner is infertile, the other may go to seek child elsewhere. The resulting child is then treated as a child of the marriage. These provisions for temporary separation are examples of how important reproduction was seen to be within both marriage and society.

While marriage and divorce were primarily shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction, there is one common example where reproduction was clearly not the central aim or purpose of the marriage. This is in the case of a female heiress, or banchomarbae, and the form of marriage usually known as lánamnas fir for bantinchur. As Jaski notes, the banchomarbae could only preserve her interest in the land for her children if she married one of her patrilineal relatives, which would usually have been a first or second cousin. In this instance the formation of marriage is shaped with the aim of maintaining inheritance and land rather than reproduction.

In early medieval Ireland, with few exceptions, the formation and dissolution of marriage was shaped with the primary aim of maximising reproduction. The realities of the society are very clearly revealed in vernacular texts such as Cáin Lánamna, the Heptads and Díre law tracts, which detail common practices in regards to the formation and dissolution of marriage, Factors such as polygamy, divorce and temporary separation, for which sexual or reproductive failing provided justification for, allowed for the maximising of reproduction in early Irish society. Canon Law, however, does not place much emphasis on the importance of reproduction. While the annulment of marriage was possible where impotency could be proven, this had more to do with the legal, consensual nature of marriage rather than reproduction and was not a common occurrence . Canon Law emphasised the belief that marriage was an unbreakable, life long, spiritual union. Both the Hibernensis and the various vernacular laws portray the ideal and the reality of early medieval society in Ireland, which in reality was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brundage, J. Sex and Canon Law in Bullough, V & Brundage, J. (eds) Handbook of medieval sexuality (New York & London, 16)

Brundage, J. Law, sex, and Christian society in medieval Europe. (Chicago, 187)

Cosgrove, A. Consent, consummation and indissolubility some evidence from medieval ecclesiastical courts in Documents et Recherch Bulletin de la socit archologique, historique et gographique de Criel, 1075 (11) 4-104

Ginnell, L. The Brehon Laws (nd edition) (Dublin 117)

Jaski, B. Marriage laws in Ireland and on the Continent in the early Middle Ages in C. Meek, M. Simms (eds) The fragility of her sex? Medieval Irish women in their European context (Dublin 16) 16-4

Kelly, F. A guide to early Irish law, Early Irish Law Series (Dublin 188)

Corráin, D., Women in early Irish society. In D.Corráin, M. MacCurtáin (eds) Women in Irish Society the historical dimension (Dublin 178) 1-17

Corráin, D., Marriage in early Ireland in A. Cosgrove (ed) Marriage in Ireland (Dublin 185) 5-4

Corráin, D., Women and the law in early Ireland in M.ODowd, S. Wichert (eds) Chattel, servant or citizen womens status in the church, state and society (Belfast 15) 45-57.

Loughlin, T. Marriage and sexuality in the Hibernensis, Peritia 11 (17) 188-06

Tatsuki, A. The early Irish church and marriage an analysis of the Hibernensis Peritia 15 (001) 15-07

Please note that this sample paper on 'The formation and dissolution of marriage in early medieval Ireland was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction.' Is this a fair assessment? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on 'The formation and dissolution of marriage in early medieval Ireland was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction.' Is this a fair assessment?, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on 'The formation and dissolution of marriage in early medieval Ireland was shaped with the aim of maximising reproduction.' Is this a fair assessment? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Target Market

In determining the target market for the internship program, we first segmented the market by dividing the 1,05 students enrolled at UNO to the 5, upperclassmen. We then segmented down further to the ,044 business students. Finally we narrowed the market down to our target market of juniors and seniors in pursuit of a marketing degree we could find an exact number, but we can guess between 00 to 00 students. The target market we are focusing on has varied demographics. According to the survey we distributed, however, we found that the majority of those interested in the program were seniors and 56. percent of those surveyed carried a GPA between .5 and .. Psychographically our survey showed that the target market was seeking real world experience as a benefit of the internship service.

Who is "the Provider"?

Determining the provider of the marketing internship service at the University of Nebraska at Omaha proves difficult to pick just one provider. At first, a quick glance at the internship program might lead you to the conclusion that Dr. Holland, the faculty member in charge of the program, would be the provider. However, is Dr. Holland the only provider of service for the marketing internship program? A more in-depth look might lead to the conclusion that each business that employs a student of the marketing internship program would also be a provider of the service. Essentially, UNO is outsourcing the service of education to a third party, in this case each business with an intern.

The University obviously has to outsource this educational component in order to fulfill the main desire of most interns, the real world experience. It would be difficult for UNO to offer the real world experience to the student in the classroom. Therefore, a business is selected by the students enrolled in the internship program to satisfy this need for real world experience. This special situation means that provider gap 1 is actually two tiered.

In order to close provider gap 1, Dr. Holland and the university must have a good understanding of the students' expectations for the internship program. On a second tier, the businesses that employ the marketing interns must have a sound knowledge of what Dr. Holland's expectations for their firm are. Every one of the participants in the internship program must know their roles and what script to follow in order to act out their role.

The role of Dr. Holland is to provide the student with potential businesses where they can intern. She also needs to provide assistance to each business about what she expects them to provide the student. The role of each business should be in the words of Dr. Holland a "managerial coach." This means to provide the student with opportunities to apply skills and to give them feedback and insights on how to perform better. The role of the student is to apply the skills from the classroom into the workplace and learn while they work.

Gap 1

We looked at the internship model based on the four factors that the book outlined that affect the width of gap 1. The best way to collect information for gap 1 was to use the survey that we used for the customer gap and to interview Dr. Holland, the provider of the service.

The first of the four factors that influence gap 1 is inadequate marketing research orientation. We found in our interview with Dr. Holland that there was barely any research that went into the internship program. Mostly, the businesses contact her seeking interns to work in their company. The only time research is required is when there is a problem with the internship experience. If problems arise with the internship, Dr. Holland undergoes a service recovery process.

The service recovery process that Dr. Holland undertakes is a three-step approach to solve the situation. First, she will communicate with the manager to determine if duties have been delegated to the intern. Secondly, if the current manager is failing to provide the proper guidance then she will look to see if there is another employee who will take on the responsibility of overseeing the intern. If those two measures fail, then the final step is to look for a completely different business for the intern to work at. However, this situation is very rare. This usually only occurs if there is a total breakdown in communication between the business, student and Dr. Holland.

From our research, there are only a few situations where there is a lack of upward communication between the student and the business manager. This usually occurs when the student is too timid to ask questions about their job responsibilities. One student addressed this point by stating, "If anything was done differently, it would be to ask more questions. It is easy to become apprehensive of asking too many questions because no one wants to be a bother."

The communication process between Dr. Holland and each business is not insufficient, but we feel this could also be improved. Dr. Holland stated that she communicates with each business only six times a year, once at the start and once at the conclusion of each semester. She indicated she really doesn't have time to go out and visit each business like she wants or each company might expect. Dr. Holland would also like the student to update her throughout the semester on their progress, but usually she only receives this update with the midterm report. She would also like to stay in contact with the students after the internship is completed but this hardly ever takes place.

Insufficient relationship focus is not really a huge factor in the internship program. However, Dr. Holland did indicate that she tried to establish contact with former interns by hiring a student to make phone calls to determine their current job status. This initiative failed when the student employed to take on this task did not produce any results. Budget cuts and the lack of results from the previous experience have made her hesitant to allocate anymore time, money, or effort to continuing relationships with interns after they have completed the program.

Based off the survey we conducted and the interview with Dr. Holland, we have developed some recommendations for the internship program. The recommendations are divided up among each of the four primary factors that affect the width of gap 1.

Recommendations for Marketing Research

There is very little marketing research done by Dr. Holland in the internship program. We feel that by instilling complaint solicitation research Dr. Holland can improve the internship program. Complaint solicitation requires little money and not much time, two aspects that will be valuable for Dr. Holland. Additionally, the research will help her to identify common service failure points that are preventing her students from receiving the real world experience and positive internship they are seeking.

Recommendations for Lack of upward communication

With the lack of upward communication our recommendations are to encourage both the student and the business to communicate more with Dr. Holland. As stated earlier Dr. Holland only communicates with each business six times a year, this is actually quite a bit of work on her part. If more businesses were to contact Dr. Holland during the internship to let her know how they felt things were going it could prove to be very helpful. The same concept would work from the student's perspective. The only issue is how to implement this idea. Dr. Holland could make it very well known to both parties what the easiest way to contact her. The students already have to send her a midterm report via e-mail and she could encourage them to e-mail her more frequently if there are any problems. Also, Dr. Holland could encourage the interns to ask questions not just of her but the business as well. Some students are hesitant to ask questions because they feel they are being a burden. Dr. Holland could make sure to clearly communicate that questions are part of the internship process and if there are any problems she should be notified immediately.

Recommendations for Insufficient Relationship Focus

For insufficient relationship focus the recommendations are to try to keep a relationship with past interns. Stated earlier, Dr. Holland said that she tried to stay in contact with past interns by phoning them and determining their current job status. Our recommendation is to ask students if they are willing to stay in contact as advisors to the program. These past interns could inform the current students of what to expect from certain companies. In the long run it is hard to keep a long relationship focus with this service because its focus is so geared toward new customers.

Recommendations for Inadequate Service Recovery

In providing a better service recovery system, we have found that two key things are missing. Although Dr. Holland has a system in place to address problems when they arise, there is no system for the complaints to be received. Therefore, the first recommendation is for Dr. Holland to make it easier to receive complaints. This will encourage "voicers" to give Dr. Holland their input in a constructive manner. Dr. Holland can encourage the student to constructively criticize the internship if it is not going well before the required midterm report. She can do this by explaining it verbally during the interview process or written in the internship information packet. By letting students know upfront their complaints are encouraged, they will be more likely to share information and help the program to become more efficient. Dr. Holland stated in her interview that she sent three different students to one manager before finding out the mental instability of that manager. Only when the manager was eventually put into a psychiatric ward was Dr. Holland made aware of the situation. Dr. Holland did not receive any complaints about the internships and was not quickly alerted to the situation. If the students had been encouraged to complain they could have perhaps communicated these problems more effectively. The second recommendation is to let students know who to complain to. Again, this can be done verbally in the interview of written in the internship packet. By making the students aware to complain to her, the complaint will more likely get up the chain of command. Furthermore, this will prevent complaining to friends, family or third parties and prevent bad word of mouth about the internship service.

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