Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique

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Beethoven's Fifth Symphony & Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique

Throughout the course of history there have been many distinct musical periods. Evolving out of some of these timeframes came many musical geniuses such as Mozart, Haydn, Bach, Schubert, Handel, Berlioz, and Beethoven. Each artist carried with them their own sense of style when creating their music. These decisions were a reflection of the musical period in which they were categorized. The two works I chose to analyze in this paper are Beethoven's Symphony No. 5; first movement, and Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique; fourth movement. Each falls under the category of either the Classical Period (Beethoven) or the Romantic Period (Berlioz.)

It is debated whether or not Beethoven's Fifth Symphony is the most memorable musical phrase of all time. I chose the first movement because this is where the rhythmic idea of the three short notes followed by the long note is introduced. This particular part in the symphony is very important because it is the one and only element that dominates the entire symphony. There are two rhythmic themes in the first movement. Already mentioned is the " short notes and a long note" followed by the second theme which contains all quarter notes. This theme contrasts the beginning theme in that it has a smooth contour compared to the expressive and accented rhythm of the first theme.

In this movement we hear a simple melody that will be heard and developed throughout the entire movement. In actuality the first theme rhythm is heard in almost every bar of music in the first movement. The second melody of this theme contrasts the first. The second theme has a smooth line with an overall shape. There are no sudden changes in key or tonality in this piece; although, this is not to say that Beethoven did not use dissonant chords, he just doesn't resolve them like any other normal resolution we might hear of the time.

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A symphony is a long orchestral work that is organized into four movements. The first movement is almost always organized into sonata-allegro form. Sonata-allegro form consists of four main sections exposition, development, recapitulation, and coda. This is the form that Beethoven's Fifth Symphony; first movement follows. Beethoven got his musical ideas across by using dynamics to create and shape the piece. The tempo of this movement is fast and spirited. The combination of the tempo and the dynamics were the elements that basically shaped the first movement in this symphony.

Beethoven uses a symphonic orchestra in this piece. Some of the instruments used include flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, french horns, timpanis, and probably one of the most important sections in this piece; the strings. Beethoven introduces, then reintroduces themes one and two throughout the movement. The strings introduce the first theme with their low plucking, then the horns pick up to lead into theme two. Beethoven mainly uses the horns to introduce new parts of the movement. For example, the horns introduce both the second theme and they are responsible for the introduction into the development of the movement. Beethoven alternates the woodwinds, brass, and strings to create a feeling of tugging between the three orchestral sections. There is also a time when the oboe is used as a countermelody to the " short notes and a long note" motive. The closing theme at the end of the movement gives the audience a different feeling than the closing theme in the first part of the movement because it has switched to C major mode.

The next piece to be discussed is Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique; fourth movement. This particular piece falls into the Romantic Period and is categorized as a program symphony. The fourth movement portrays the story of the character's "March to the Scaffold." The form that Berlioz uses in this movement is loose ternary. In this movement Berlioz uses syncopation (upsetting a meter by accenting a weaker beat) throughout to create the steady march rhythm, hence the title "March to the Scaffold." Berlioz also forms what is called an ide fixe throughout this piece. The ide fixe is a very important part of the symphony because it serves as the symphony's recurrent theme. In each movement its appearances are varied in harmony, rhythm, meter, tempo, dynamics, register, and instrumental color.

Berlioz's uses a large orchestra in this piece, unlike Beethoven who used the symphonic orchestra. Some of the instruments included in this movement are flutes, piccolos, clarinets, french horns, bassoons, trumpets, cornets, timpanis, bass drums, bells, and strings. The instrumentation itself is a novel- harps, cornets, ophicleides, and a battery of percussion. Berlioz also specified many innovative effects, an oboe to imply distance, violins played with the wood of their bows to invoke terror and a strikingly modern minimalist (twentieth century) passage of chords for solo timpani to suggest echoing thunder. Each of these plays an important role in the overall mood of the movement.

In the opening of this movement we hear syncopation of horns, timpani, and low strings which give the implication of a dark mood. The first theme is then introduced in a minor scale played by low stings which descend the scale. The second theme is then introduced and includes brass and woodwinds. The whole opening section is then repeated. The development arises and the first theme is reintroduced except this time it is ascending the scale, rather than descending. The movement closes with the ide fixe with the melody played by the clarinet, followed by a loud chord that cuts off the melody.

This movement is played in G minor and follows a quadruple meter. There is a mix of textures in this movement, but one that I was able to pick out quite easily was the somber theme in basses and cellos which is polyphony. The dynamics in this movement range from p to fff, beginning with p in the opening of the movement to f in the end of the movement.

Structurally this movement forms a companion piece to the waltz with the marching theme. With the menacing introduction by the percussion and deep brass, the two themes alternate, the first possessing an eerie quality, the second one stridently pronounced on cornets and trumpets with trombones "growling" beneath. After the first theme builds to a tremendous climax, the ide fixe theme, once more on the clarinet, makes a momentary appearance before being peremptorily cut off by massive and conclusive brass chords.

The classical and romantic period both have certain styles associated with them. Some composers, such as Beethoven, are considered late classical early romantic, so in many ways they are very similar. These two pieces are probably one of the most well known pieces of their time. Beethoven's polyphonic/homophonic style and the ever so famous " note and then a long note" motive will live forever in the subject of classical music. On the other hand, Berlioz's piece Symphonie Fantastique donates the unique use of program symphony with the entire work unified by the ide fixe. Both men are enormous contributors to the history of classical music.

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Improvement Objectives

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JPS IMPROVEMENT OBJECTIVES

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The following information is a compilation of improvement objectives to fix the major problems for JPS. The objectives defined below will be incorporated into the eventual design of the to-be system for JPS. Remember this information is confidential and for your eyes-only. This is very sensitive material and cannot be viewed by any JPS employee or any Umbrella Corp. employee not involved in the JPS analysis.

I. In order to assist JPS' cash flow problem we would like to implement a Management Information System (MIS) geared towards Fred. This MIS would provide periodic reports about topics such as operation efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity. We hope this system will help Fred monitor, plan, and control the management processes at JPS to make better decisions. This way JPS won't be forced into a tight crunch with cash flows. Reports generated might consist of routine, scheduled reports, ad hoc reports, or exception reports.

II. Our objective is to create a database with all inventory computers and then apply the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model to this database system. With this model management will be able to determine the level of inventory acceptable and then the information system will be able to track inventory and when it falls below the reorder point, the inventory software will automatically generate a purchase order. In order to accomplish we plan on implementing a Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) software system. This will be an integrated system and will link functional departments like the office operations, the preservation lab, distribution/inventory, and promotion/corporate accounts at JPS. The new MRP II system will allow JPS to establish a just-in-time system that works with the reorder point to deliver products exactly when needed.

III. Using suggestions from Martha and Clifford we plan on creating an online order form for customers or corporations to quickly and easily order from the website and eliminate email requests. This should eliminate the down-time that the email would create while waiting for someone to receive the order. With this new online form the customer's request will proceed directly into the MRP system and automatically be placed in the system for processing.

IV. Another objective we have on the Umbrella Corp. JPS team is to work hand in hand with D.B. Wiederholt, Martha, and Willis to create a standardized pricing base for estimation to help the process of order taking and efficiency at JPS. This will hopefully eliminate any confusion customers have on how much orders will cost each time and clear up confusion with Mr. Wiederholt's "gut feeling" system of estimation. Regulating these prices should make for a faster compilation of a customer's estimates and a way to be positive that JPS is making money with each order.

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Unchanged, Unchanging

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To state that people continue on an unchanged and unchanging journey is of course absurd and preposterous in almost all circumstances. Various composers today have created texts which express and emphasise the concept that change is ever present in our world.

Composers such as Skrzynecki, Hulub, Robert, Vellis and the Wachowski brothers all display texts in which change and changing perspectives are examined in a variety of ways. In context, there is substantial evidence in the texts which supports the concepts that change is undeniable and unstoppable.

Text 1 "Crossing The Red Sea" by Peter Skrzynecki

Write my Essay on Unchanged, Unchanging for meRight away we see change. In the title "Crossing The Red Sea" the word crossing represent change, changing from one place to another.

There is also a change in time. In the first stanza it is the afternoon, the sun is setting and the people are discussing their past. In the fourth stanza it is night time and the peoples perspective on life has changed as they dream of a better life in their uncertain future. In the fifth stanza it is dawn and peoples perspectives change again as they awake from their dreams.

"Daybreak took away

The magic of dreams."

But of course the biggest change would have to be where the poem is set on a migrant boat travelling from their homeland to Australia. They are going to the other side of the world, to a country where they don't speak the language or understand the culture.

Text "10 Mary Street" also by Peter Skrznecki.

Within the first couple of lines change is outlined.

"We departed each morning, shut the house"

This represent change in several ways. One he departs the house, changing location but also a change in cultures, leaving his European culture at home and moving out into the Australian culture.

"We lived together -

Kept pre-war Europe alive

With photographs and letters,

Heated discussions

And embracing gestures

Visitors that ate

Kielbasa, salt herrings

And rye bread, drank

Raw vodka or cherry brandy

And smoked like

A dozen puffing billies."

Later Skrznecki is looking to the future and what will happen when the house is pulled down.

"Inheritors of a key

That'll open no door

When this one's pulled down."

Text "Post Card" again by Peter Skrznecki.

In the beginning Skrnecki is speaking as if it is a photograph which of course it is.

"Red buses on a bridge

Emerging from a corner-

High-rise flats and something

Like a park borders

The river with its concrete pylons.

The sky's the brightest shade.

Then his tone changes and he speaks as if it is a place.

"Warsaw, Old town,

I never new you

Excepted in the third person-

Great city

That bombs destroyed."

His tone again changes and he speaks as it is a person.

"I repeat, I never new you,

Let me be."

"And refuse to answer

The voices of the red gables."

"A lone tree

Whispers

"We will meet

Before you die."

The way he relates to the postcard changes from a photographic image to a place to a person.

Text 4 "The Door" by Mroslav Holub..

What is outside the "Door" will continually change - because of the responders frame of mind, because of the social context in which the "Door" is opened and because of when the responder opens the "Door". The poem does not change its language or its context but asks the responder to open their mind to other possibilities and look at it of a different perspective. Perhaps the responder will open new "Doors" to new possibilities.

Text 5 "Sky-High" by Hannah Robert.

Within this text there are two main changes. One time relating to age and the other her perspective, mainly towards the clothes line.

"The ultimate quest of the washing line."

"The best climbing tree in the backyard."

"It's an older, more age-warped washing line, I reach up to now. My hands easily touch the sagging wires."

"Where I was once the curious onlooker, I now write my own semaphore secrets in colourful t-shirts and mismatched socks."

She now hangs her own washing out and has many more pressing problems to solve that how to climb the clothesline.

Text 6 "The Wog Boy" by Aleksi Vellis.

The Wog Boy has some excellent instances that expresses change.

The first instances is right at the beginning of the movie when Steve's (the Wog boy) parents moved to Australia from Italy. This is represented by them arriving on a large ship similar to the one in the poem "Crossing The Red Sea". Also, black and white film is used to help the responder know it was a long time ago. The film then changes to colour to let the responder know that it is now the present. Another significant change occurs then Steve is denounced

by Dirren Hynch as Australia's biggest dole bludger. Steve shrewdly manipulates the situation to his advantage on national TV in a clever scene of role reversal. In no time, children are rapping to Wog Boy tracks and packing snacks in Wog Boy lunch boxes. Steve is famous!

There is one point in the movie which no doubt illustrates change and that is when Steve and his best friend Frank have a fight.

Frank "You've changed !"

Steve "Don't say that."

Frank "I saw you. You were loving it."

Steve "No, you're the one with the problem Frank. You haven't changed."

Frank "See you admit it. You have changed."

What could be a better example of change than that.

Another example of change is when Frank falls in love for the first time showing he cares about someone besides himself.

Of course the final big change is the public's perspective towards Raelene (The Minister for Employment) when a tape is played showing Raelene and her chauffer taking part in sexual bondage.

Text 7 The Matrix by the Wachowski brothers.

The Matrix expresses change very differently to other texts. It is not obvious at times that there is change. However when we do realise that change has occurred it is very intense, dramatic and frightening.

In the beginning Neo (Mr Anderson) has two lives. By day he is a computer programmer for a respectable software company and the other life is lived by night where he goes by the name Neo and is guilty of almost every computer crime known.

The next real change is not until Neo is awoken from reality (the Matrix) into the real world. The context then changes and time changes.

Morphos "More important then what, is when".

Neo "When?"

Morphos "You think it's the year is 1 but in fact it's closer to 1."

Morphos tries to change Neo's perspective of reality and life.

Neo "I know what your trying to do."

Morphos "I'm only trying to free your mind".

The texts also relates to other texts such as the "Door"

"I can only show you the door. You have to talk through it".

But the biggest change is that of Neo when he changes into the "One" the prophecy.

Morphos "He's beginning to believe."

Trinity "How did you do that. You move like they do. I've never seen anyone move that fast."

Tank "I knew it. He's the one."

All of these texts do a good job of outlining change and only confirm the way in which change affects every part of everyday life no matter how big or small, how obvious or subtle.

Some change is positive and some is negative but change is the reality of life. Change is an never ending process and we should be striving to make changes as positive as possible. Authors will continue to write about change because change is what life is all about.

Please note that this sample paper on Unchanged, Unchanging is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Unchanged, Unchanging, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Unchanged, Unchanging will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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To what extent can the reigns of edward and mary be regarded as forming a mid tudor crisis

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To What extent can the reigns of Edward and Mary be regarded as forming a mid Tudor crisis

The reigns of both Mary and Edward were both responsible for a period full of turmoil and controversy. So naturally the debate of whether there was a crisis will be presented. There were various aspects throughout both reigns that have to be analysed to see if there was a crisis or not foreign policy, economic policy, government, laws, politics and religion, since these are the only fields that a noticeable crisis would take place.

remained was that Edward was too young to provide a proper leader for a nation and somebody who wasn't royalty would have to take his place. In order to prevent this from happening, Henry left in his will that there would be a council of sixteen men all with equal power left to rule the country. One man Edward Seymour who was currently the Earl of Hertford already a member of the council soon emerged as leader through discovering loopholes in henry's will (although it was more likely altered) the governing sixteen had been named but were able to dispose of power as they saw fit. So he took Edward VI his nephew to London and was given the position of Lord protector of Edward VI via the council. Later he was to discover further loop holes in which he implemented a vague clause in Henry's will concerning gifts that henry was supposedly going to give to the members of the council. Councillors were raised in the peerage. Seymour's gift was to become duke of Somerset. All needed gifts of land also to secure their new status Somerset managed to use this to buy off opposition and secured his position holding sole power he was now no longer merely a councillor but he was in practise a substitute king.

Somerset's short reign was one of failure he had a fixation on war he continued to pour vast amounts of funds into a relatively pointless war with Scotland which was lost any way. He distanced himself from the other councillors and essentially isolated himself from them, this would undoubtedly cause the creation of an opposing faction who disagreed with what he was doing. This caused a period of instability in the government with internal conflict. Not what I would say was a crisis since no undesirable outcomes from the conflict it was in fact in my opinion a good thing since it removed Somerset who was damaging England with his poor foreign policy. The duke of Northumberland led the opposing faction, which brought the duke of Somerset down. The duke of Northumberland's reign was much more successful than that of Somerset's he had a much more peaceful foreign policy but was responsible for some unforgivable acts that have for ever tainted his name and one of which was responsible for his death. Firstly he surrendered Boulogne to the French and sold it for a fraction of what it was worth. Secondly when he discovered Edward's illness he tried to position Jane Grey his daughter-in-law as queen. His interfering with the order of succession was a viewed a terrible crime by Mary and her followers as a result Northumberland was executed. Had Mary's followers not spoken out the reign of the Tudors would have ended there and then. At this point there was what seemed a possible crisis with the order of succession but it never occurred so although a crisis was imminent it never happened.

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After Edward VI's death Mary was next in line for the throne she was the first woman ever to solely rule England. It was a big responsibility and challenging position and many believed she wasn't up to it because of her being a woman. This was in a society where women were second class citizens with no real influential power. To worsen the matter she married a foreign prince from Spain, Prince Philip. Her government disagreed with Her, as did many other people. There was in fact a rebellion sparked up by a man Named Wyatt as protest to the marriage. The uprising was crushed and no more followed. The idea of a foreign Prince and the possibility of England being drawn into wars that had nothing to do with England did not please the people. Mary insisted on the Marriage and her and Philip were wed. Mary's government was a particularly bad corrupt one with untrustworthy members within it, split between them and the trustworthy loyal members. Although suprisingly the government did manage to pull together to right up the marriage treaty of Mary and Philip which was the work of Mary herself, Paget, Gardiner and Renard, and Paget and Gardiner where in opposing factions at that time. Although they all disagreed with the marriage they had to support Mary for fear of losing patronage. Again there was no actual crisis here but there seemed to be possibilities of a crisis breaking out with the instability and corruptness of Mary's government. And that the marriage to Philip would cause trouble for the English. Little harm came from neither.

One of the other main Debates for a Mid-Tudor crisis is that of Religion. At this point in time the religion situation in England was a particularly unstable one with the change from Catholicism to Protestantism and back to Catholicism all in the space of Twenty-five years. Henry had established the Protestant church in England and abolished the Catholic Church. Edward was a devout Protestant and Protestantism followed in his reign. Although it was not followed very securely throughout Somerset's partial rule he was to pre-occupied with war to be bothered about religion although he did what he had to retain patronage with the young king. Northumberland enforced religion much more forcefully then Somerset and Catholicism was not tolerated at all. When Mary came to power She was a devout Catholic and changed England's religion back to Catholicism which proved a problem since so many people had followed the Protestant religion since it had been enforced, it was a difficult time for the masses in which religion to devote yourself to. To do so at that period could be life threatening. The constant changing of Religion at that period caused much confusion within England although I am led to believe that there was never really a crisis, although it seemed like there was. As it was the constant cause of conflict.

The economical situation throughout these reigns was a rather unstable one. Throughout Somersets reign the situation was terrible he was spending thousands of pounds on the war with Scotland his actions led England further into a recession. The French saw this as their time to attack England when it was weak. Boulogne an English settlement within France was attacked. Somerset refused to give up and continued to pour more money into the fight for Boulogne. To worsen matters a bad harvest followed and taxes had to go up inflation also went up as the result of debasement of the coinage and food prices doubled but people's wages didn't. Northumberland restored some order to the economic state of England but unfortunately his reign was to short to make a significant difference and Mary's reign had bad economics also. There were bad harvests again and food prices rocketed, there was severe famine and many died. I would say at this point that if there was a crisis during the mid-Tudor period it was now. Things were at an all time low in England.

England's Foreign policy was particularly poor at the beginning of these reigns when Somerset was in power. His war policy with the French and the Scottish was a bad one, which cost England lots of wasted money and lives. Northumberland's policy was more peace related and was without war as was Mary's in which foreign relations improved heavily with the alliance of English and Spanish through the marriage of Mary and Philip. England had come off better than the Spanish from the marriage as a result of the marriage treaty. And new trade links had been formed. Other then Somerset's reign foreign policy was not too bad other the loss of Boulogne and Calais on Mary's behalf when she was persuaded into a war by Philip I feel there was no real crisis at that point.

Throughout the Mid-Tudor period I feel there was lots of turmoil and lots of situations where it looked like a serious crisis was about to happen although one never actually happened. I think it is safe to say that there was definitely a series of minor crisis that occurred throughout the period that may of raised doubt as to whether there was a mid-Tudor crisis, for example the war situation with France and Scotland. And the economy situation throughout all of the reigns.

Please note that this sample paper on to what extent can the reigns of edward and mary be regarded as forming a mid tudor crisis is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on to what extent can the reigns of edward and mary be regarded as forming a mid tudor crisis, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on to what extent can the reigns of edward and mary be regarded as forming a mid tudor crisis will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Free Will and "The Story of An Hour"

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What is freedom?

Freedom is an independent person=s greatest gift freedom to dream, to assert oneself, to drink the Aelixir of life@ Kate Chopin reveals in AThe Story of an Hour@ how relationships and marriage in specific can suffocate one=s freedom and ability to live life with the liberating impulse of their own being. Mrs. Mallard=s free will is stifled by her dull marriage to Brently Mallard. Mrs. Mallard suffers not only from a physical heart ailment , but also from a broken heart as a result of an imprisoned free spirit. By depicting Mrs. Mallard as a broken, weak and imprisoned women, Chopin suggests that marriage can chain down the Astrongest impulse@of an independent women her free will.

Chopin characterizes Mrs. Mallard as a passive (broken)women with a heart so weak that it could stop beating at the slightest shock. (The first indication that Mrs. Mallard is broken and weak occurs in how Chopin sets the mood of a nursing home. ) AKnowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband=s death.@ Her sister Josephine and her husband=s friend Richards view Mrs. Mallard as weak and broken down and they worry that all the news at once might be too much for her to handle. AIt was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences, veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.@ Josephine is tantalizing with her hints because she believes Mrs. Mallard is too weak and feeble and that the initial shock may be too much for her. Richards Ahad only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message.@ Richards cares for Mrs. Mallard greatly and he feels that he has to be careful and tender in the way he bears the sad message. He=s afraid that if a more careless friend lets Mrs. Mallard know, she may not be able to handle the sad news. However, Mrs. Mallard does not respond to the news of her husband=s death like most typical women would Ashe did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister=s arms.@ Chopin is suggesting that Mrs. Mallard did not love her husband as much as people would expect. In fact , her sudden wild abandonment points more to a buoyant release from a heavy weight than an immobilizing shock of grief . Mrs. Mallard did not react in a traditional way because her love was not completely real Ashe had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not.@ In short, Mrs. Mallard=s actions and reactions following the news of her husband=s death imply that her spirit and will to live have been imprisoned behind the bars of her marriage. Her will has been bent Aby the powerful will of another@ , and now the news of his death has set her heart free.

(The second indication that Mrs. Mallard=s will is chained down occurs in how )Chopin uses the imagery of springtime to symbolize new life for Mrs. Mallard after she has heard the news of her husband=s death. The suggestion is that Mrs. Mallard was not free before her husband=s death, and now as she looks out the Aopen square@ before her, she sees the Atops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.@ Symbolically, this Anew spring life@ represents the new and free life that Mrs. Mallard begins to birth out of her Avacant...fear A of the unknown. Her senses begin to awaken and her Ahaunted@ physical exhaustion begins to Aquiver@ with new sights and sounds. She surrenders to her heart=s A sound of a distant song@ and she begins to drink in Aa delicious breath of rain@. Furthermore, Mrs. Mallard sees Apatches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds.@ Her will to be free is beginning to appear like the heavenly blue patches of sky , uncovered from the clouds of her life. (Also, the image of blue sky appearing through the clouds implies that Mrs. Mallard=s own will used to be covered up like the clouds that cover up the blue sky. )

(The third indication that Mrs. Mallard=s free will has been chained down by marriage comes from the diction the Chopin employs in describing Mrs. Mallard after the news of her husband=s death.) Chopin highlights Mrs. Mallard=s new gift of freedom by sequencing words such as Aopen@ , Aabandoned@ and Aescaped@. First, she uses the word Aopen@ in describing the window. It is important to note that this diction is applied immediately following the news of Brently Mallard=s death. It can be inferred that Mrs. Mallard=s will was always closed and suffocated inside of her as a result of her obligations in marriage to Mr. Mallard. After the news of the death, Mrs. Mallard=s life begins to change. Everything she sees and experiences is open and full of life like the Acountless sparrows (that) were twittering in the eaves.@ AOpen@ symbolizes that Mrs. Mallard is beginning to open up her heart to this new Aelixir@ of life she is experiencing. In addition, Chopin uses the word Aabandoned@ to imply that Mrs. Mallard is abandoning all the physical boundaries that have been pressing in on her. In the ephiphany of an hour, Mrs. Mallard is abandoning herself to her imagination, and she begins to dream of what it is like to be free and full of life AWhen she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath Free, free, free!=@ Lastly, Chopin uses Aescaped@ to suggest that Mrs. Mallard is escaping from the physical boundaries of her marriage and from her weakened body Ashe saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.@ The use of this specific diction takes the reader into the imagination of Mrs. Mallard during her hour of freedom as she realizes that Athere would be no one to live for during those coming years@ but herself and that Athere would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow creature.@

AStory of an Hour@ (demonstrates how a free will can be smothered by marriage and it) offers ironic twists regarding freedom and marriage. Mrs. Mallard=s freedom and joy in her new free will lasts only an hour. As she walks downstairs Alike a goddess of victory@ the physical door opens and her physical husband walks in. Her heart cannot take the shock of her old physical reality because she had been imagining her new spiritual freedom for an hour. It is ironic that when faced again with her physical reality, she has to die to truly experience the freedom she had been imagining for an hour. (Chopin is implying that 1th century marriages can chain down an independent women=s freedom and ambition so drastically that death is the only way to discover true freedom. ) Mrs. Mallard=s brief ephipnay lit is poignantly echoed by the Romantic poet William Blake To see the world in a grain of sand/and Heaven in a wild flower/To hold infinity in the palm of your hand/And eternity in one hour.

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Learning Team Behaviour

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Introduction

In order to understand the basic functioning of a system, you must first come to understand what each individual part contributes to the whole. Getting to what makes Learning Team A (LTA) is no different. The question then becomes, "How best to gain insight into the individuals on the team?"

This week the creation of the final paper fell to me, we also concluded that we needed to approach this paper differently from our previous assignments. Each person in the team would complete the assignment on their own and then I would meld all four of the papers into one. This presented me with an opportunity that I could not resist.

We have learned that perception has a significant influence on the way people will interact with each other. It follows then that we should be able to learn about the way LTA functions by examining the perceptions of how the team works, as written by each of the team members. This paper will present the readers with a view of LTA from the inside.

Eric

Eric has a fine eye for detail, is very personable and has an aura of dependability about him. I get the feeling that he is very much in tune with his value system. Here is his view of how the team operates.

In the game of basketball you have different positions that each player fills based on his abilities and strengths. You have a "point guard", who is the person who sees how things should play out. The "center" is always underneath the basket to slam it in. The "power forward" has great ability to push it in but doesn't have the height or muscle that a center does. The small forward is a flexible player with the ability to shift from a guard position playing on the perimeter to a player not afraid of taking it inside for a score.

Paul who is our point guard, he tends to be the more assertive one with the ability to take charge and make things happen. His experience in both business and years living make him a strong leader, and he frequently holds this role on the team. He does not demand his way and is not overbearing in his attempt to keep things going smoothly. He manages his time well and focuses on doing exactly what is required. He is not afraid to ask for suggestions from his teammates. The lack of timeliness of two members does frustrate him in particular, but he holds it all in check as he knows that everyone on this team is determined to do the best.

Next is Jerry who along with Paul possesses a drive to do the best that he can. Jerry plays the role of "center" very well. He has a great sense of humor, which comes out, in his writing and during our conversations as a team. He is able to stay close to the assignment and deliver the ball right into the basket as it is passed to him underneath. Jerry is not the type of individual to be all fun and games, however, he will wait until the other members have completed the other sections to begin or share his section with the rest of the team. Jerry brings a balance to the take-charge demeanor of Paul.

Joy brings a certain charismatic style that bounces off Paul and Jerry well. As a "power forward," she is able to think solidly about the subject. She can joke with the best of them while still maintaining focus on the assignment. She has fulfilled all of her obligations in a timely manner. The other team members need not worry that her section will be there.

Paul

Paul is a great example of the "positive potential" in having age diversity on a team. His maturity has the effect of keeping the team focused on time issues. He uses a basic and direct approach to interacting with his fellow teammates, while exhibiting a polished, personable demeanor that makes him very easy to work with. Here is his take on how LTA works its' magic.

We have no real defined roles. The major contract that we all agreed to was to respect each other's opinion and to try to do nothing that would affect the team. We also agreed that if anyone had a problem, they could bring it up without fear of ridicule. Aside from that, nothing was formalized.

Of the four members, Joy seems to be the person with the best time management skills. Her papers and paper sections are always on time, with Eric and Jerry exhibiting slightly less time management abilities.

However, time management is not everything. If you look at the raw papers that are initially submitted, Joy's needs the most work from a grammar standpoint, but her thoughts, and her feminine view bring a lot of good input into the group Jerry, although he has never seen a calendar that he likes, is an excellent writer. Eric is the best detail person in the group. His input is well rounded and precise, and he is the final person to edit the paper.

Each member has different priorities, which affect their performance in LTA. Eric has some family issues that are, to him, a much higher priority than school, and the rest of the group agree with him. To Joy, getting her degree seems to be the highest priority in their life. Jerry, on the other hand seems to prioritize his time correctly.

This team meets all of the requirements to become a high-performing team, but it is not performing at this level now. Assignments, although turned in on time to the school, are not turned in on time to the group. What will turn this team into a high-performance group? The answer is communication

Joy

Joys' contribution to the team is another example of the advantages of diversity. She brings her unique female perspective to the table. She is also very adept at communicating with males, I point to her analytical approach when presenting her thoughts and ideas as proof. Here are her perceptions on the teams' performance and processes.

LT A is a dynamic and diverse team. It is comprised of three males, one female and has a span of thirty years difference between the oldest and youngest. We are all highly motivated in our education pursuit at UOP. Dedication to educate ourselves shows with our work we have done so far. Our professional experiences are as different as we are.

Making time to get together as a whole team is challenging whether it be a teleconference or in a chat room. Time is a valuable resource that we as full time students, employees and people cherish. This LT has been able to get on the same page, even with such limited time together.

Communication in a virtual environment is vital to its success. The different ways our LT communicates on a typical week includes e-mail, IM, and teleconferences; utilizing the internet is important since the majority of communication can be asynchronous. This communication method allows individuals to think about their responsibilities within the team.

LT A does not have a conflict resolution plan since we all work together as a whole without much conflict. When teleconferencing we all respect talk time for all members to make comments or address concerns we may have. The last teleconference we had we were able to discuss many future assignments and outline the timing for each one. Each team member, allowing the team to establish a plan that met with everyone's needs, gave input to the timing plan.

Conclusion

Despite the differences in perspective, LTA performs at a very acceptable level. This is due largely to the willingness of the members to make allowances for personal traits, both positive and negative. The team has done a good job of focusing in on individual strengths and playing to those strengths.

Please note that this sample paper on Learning Team Behaviour is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Learning Team Behaviour, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Learning Team Behaviour will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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ENRON INTERNATIONAL IN INDIA

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on ENRON INTERNATIONAL IN INDIA. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality ENRON INTERNATIONAL IN INDIA paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in ENRON INTERNATIONAL IN INDIA, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your ENRON INTERNATIONAL IN INDIA paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! .Why do you think Enron was willing to shoulder the risk of making such a significant investment in India? What long run benefits did the company forsee? Do you think these benefits compensated for the risks involved?

India is a developing country with an underdeveloped economy. Since independence in 147 India had a number of restrictions on foreign investments and it imposed number of trade barriers in the form of high import duties. However by the 0's India opened its doors to foreign investors .Former prime minster, Narsimha Rao requested Enron to make an investment in India in the form of an independent power project. Enron accepted the request and then begins the Enron saga…

a .Enron was assured 16% return on investments. The rate of return after the agreement worked out to be %.Usally return on investment in the US would have been around 8%.The higher rate of return was attributed to risk associated with establishing a power plant in India. Considering the uncertain electricity market in the U.S , I would not agree that risk in India was too much.Also when the government of India was assuring the rate of return where was the risk?

The reason why Enron was so keen on setting up an LNG plant was that they had an LNG processing unit worth $4billion in Qatar and they wanted a strong market like India to buy the output that was produced in Qatar.That is why although the Dabhol power plant was not economically feasible Enron was still interested in setting up a power palnt in India.Secondly the west coast where the power plant was located was close to the Gulf states,as a result cost of shipping LNG would be very low.

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Next Enron thought that power availability would set up new industries in the region and increase the economic growth rate of the country.As a result purchasing power of India would increase which would result in outflow of precious foreign exchange.Not only this but growth potential would position Enron well in the global market place.

b.Enron did see many long run benefits

Firstly after the success of a power project in a developing country like India,Enron would gain a very high image amongst other developing countries ie they would be able to capture energy markets in other countries as well.Thats what happened!!After the deal was struck with India Enron had power projects coming up in countires like Brazil, Bolivia, China etc

Secondly the profits that Enron would earn would be extremely high compared to the cost.The main reason being cheap and freely available labour to run and maintain the plant.

Last but not the least, gaining access to business in India, the worlds largest democracy, Enron would be able to develop long term relationship which means that after its success once, India would ask them to set up more such projects which would be a benefit to no one else but Enron.

c.The "benefits" Enron was expecting were low cost of production, very high rate of return on investment in other words a good amount of profit, a successful global image and long term relationship with India.

The "risk"associated with investing in a country like India was very high. First of all the thought of investing in a developing country like India which has an unstable and a downward moving economy was a big risk itself, dealing with corrupt political officials was another issue.Plus selling liquefied natural gas to consumers who mostly use energy generated through burning of coal was a difficult approach because they were not sure if consumers would buy energy at approximately 4 times higher price than what was available in the domestic market.

I think Enron did not get the benefits it was expecting because of the risks associated with investing in India.There were chances of them earning a huge amount of profits.Enron struck a deal to generate 450mega watts of energy(450mega watts higher than the original plant) at .6% less than the original price.Inspite of this cut Enron would have earned a very high rate of return on investment while simultaneously cutting the prices.In reality if everything worked out well they would be making profits which would not be possible abroad.But;because of the political instability the Enron power project did not last too long out and they had to return back.

.Do you think Enron was right to build a risk premium into its original pricing of the Dabhol project?Should the company have foreseen that this might have been perceived as cost padding?

Yes, I think Enron was right to build a risk premium into its original pricing of the Dabhol project.Rebecca Mark was absolutely correct when she said,"In India you are suppose to have a 0% import duty on equipment.but when it comes right down to it,very common in a project is that it doesn't end up being 0% but whatever the customs inspector wants it to be on the day you get there.So you have to price that risk in."In a poor country like India bribery and corruption are the most common practices.No one is satisfied with whatever is given to them officially so they have to bank on unofficial practices to satisfy their needs and wants.Enron just did that it took all the risks(mentioned) into consideration and quoted the price.Afterall Enron was interested in doing business and not charity where its main goal was profit so it was justified to build a risk premium.

But;the risk premium was too high.Enron was asking for 4 times higher price than what was sold by domestic producers.Secondly the energy that they were trying to sell was a very new concept for the indian consumers.Basic common sence tells me that if iam trying to sell a new product in a new country I should sell it at a low price.Enron was doing just the opposite, instead of selling energy at an affordable rate it was trying to reach a peak which was next to impossible.Enron was too confident of the move it was making and therefore ultimately it did not get anything but dissatisfaction from its client(India)

.What lessons about the requirements for successful investments in India can other foreign companies draw from Enrons experience with the Dabhol project?

The effects of Enrons collapse have been felt across the spectrum of financial,social and ethical circles and around the world.Enrons lessons as interpreted by economists,sociologists and everyday people have possibly changed the attitude of investors all over the world.Some of these lessons include

Diversification of investments is important.Investors should be wary not to get carried away by substantial movements in the market, rather set a limit with a reasonable profit or loss.The Enron collapse has also allowed many to see that emotion exerts incredible influence on the markets.

In the information age , companies and consumers become more dependent on the information of the product.Belief in the integrity of information allows companies to maximize the true benefit of the information age.With the very nature of information being questioned, information based companies are finding it harder to sell their services to the consumer.

Enron tried to accomplish too much too quickly using "time is money" philosophy. It depended on the political system to get its way.Investors when investing in a foreign country should try to adapt to the host country's working environment and not stick to their system of working.

Investors should try to explore the local resources rather than importing new raw materials.Enron's high cost of importing and using LNG that was a contrast to other sources of fuel was detrimental to its success.

4.Is former US Ambassador William Clark right when he claims that, in the end Dabhol incident sent the right kind of signals about foreign investment in India?What kind of signals do you think it sends about investments in India?

Yes, Mr.William Clark is right when he claims that, in the end Dabhol incident sent the right kind of signals about foreign investment in India.The following are the signals Enron sent for investments in India

First, political instabilityThe government of India has always made efforts to make money for themselves personally rather than for the nation as a whole,which means the level of corruption is quite high in India which the investors need to keep in mind.

Secondly, India does not follow the policy of "time is money".Investors have to be prepared for delay in completion of the projects.A lot of time is spent in sceduling meetings with the necessary officials,going thorugh negotiations and then finally striking the deal.

Lastly,I would like to say that investors should try not to be the first ones in launching their product or service.I would first want to see the results of others and then make my decision.Enron was the first company to make an independent investment in India.It was on the basis of trial and error that they carried out their operations.Now, after the whole thing other investors in India as well as abroad have learnt lessons from Enron but Enron unfortunately didn't have anyone to take lessons about the methods of working in a country like India.

Please note that this sample paper on ENRON INTERNATIONAL IN INDIA is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on ENRON INTERNATIONAL IN INDIA, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on ENRON INTERNATIONAL IN INDIA will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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