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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Paradoxically, Darwinism provided a justification for both social conservatism and social reform in the period from 1870-1915. Discuss this statement., therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Paradoxically, Darwinism provided a justification for both social conservatism and social reform in the period from 1870-1915. Discuss this statement. paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! Darwinism, the belief that nature was a random process in which either the strongest survived and persisted, was a philosophy widely discussed and used during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. During this time period, it was used to justify both social conservatism, the maintaining of the status quo in society, and social reform. From both sides, this philosophy was augmented upon and interpreted in many different ways. For those who believed in social conservatism, Darwinism justified the current social structure, whether it was exclusion of immigrants or the pyramid social structure. On the other hand, social reform came in many branches of Darwinism. Some, such as Walter Rauschenbusch interpreted the message of Darwinism as to have all individuals work to better society. Others used Darwinism to justify their reform of the idea of professions. Although, having their differences, both social conservatism and reform branched off from the same roots.
Social conservatism was a belief that most elites of the time period followed. Darwinism provided the necessary justification for their belief. In society, the number of elites was few while there was a huge population of lower class citizens, hence, creating a "pyramid" social structure. These elites had only one thing in mind, to make profit. To do so would require a huge supply of cheap labor, one that would stay ignorant as to not understand how to question the corporation's authority when being oppressed. Naturally, the tycoons were quick to take advantage of the influx of immigrants during this period by lowering wages and forcing immigrants to work in unbearable conditions. As the poor immigrants became chained to the factories, they could not afford to miss a single day of work in fear of being replaced. They would send their entire family, young or old, to work there. As a result, they had little time to educate themselves or go on strike during this struggle to survive. This allowed the corporate leaders to gain even more leverage on the workers. Their justification for this was Darwinism. They stated that the poor were poor due to their own incompetence and that they, themselves, were rich due to their own skills. In reality, the poor were living in squalor not due to their laziness or incompetence, but due to the cruel nature of the corporate leaders. Also, corporate leaders were did not become elite simply because of their competence, but also because of the fierce methods they used to deal with their competitors.
Not only did the elites justify social conservatism through Darwinism, but those in the middle class did as well. These people were the nativists in society that looked upon immigrants with contempt. As a result of this contempt, while they could not prevent them from taking their jobs, they shut out the immigrants from as many aspects of American society as possible. Their justification for this exclusion was eugenics. Eugenics was a derived "science" from Darwinism. This science ranked races in order of superiority. Naturally, Americans ranked themselves highest and immigrant races lower and therefore justified their actions against them.
Opposite from the social conservatives were the social reformers who also used Darwinism to justify their actions. One of the interpretations of Darwinism was the social gospel. One of the leading proponents of this was Walter Rauschenbusch. He, as well as others, advocated the working of individuals for a better society for all. Darwinism justified this belief in stating the strong would persist. The social gospel continued augmented upon it and stated that if everyone were to help society in general, everyone could be strong enough to persist. This became a backbone for the argument for reform.
Cheap Custom Essays on Paradoxically, Darwinism provided a justification for both social conservatism and social reform in the period from 1870-1915. Discuss this statement. Darwinism justified social reform for the poor. It also, however, justified the reform for the middle class as well. The most well known is that of the professionalism reform. In the time period between 1870-115, those who were modern day professionals sought to cleanse their name from the charlatans and incompetents that existed within. To cleanse their name, they began a reform movement. Starting from the field of medicine, regulations began to be set up that would only allow those who had been properly trained and tested to become a professional. This soon spread to all other modern day professions such as law and others. The justification for this was Darwinism. Those who were incompetent and lacked the proper ability would not be allowed to continue in order to ensure a proper future or capable "offspring".
Although paradoxically so, both social reform and conservatism both originated from Darwinism. Many of the results of social conservatism and social reform that originated from Darwinism functioned independently of each other, such as eugenics and professionalism. However, many results of these ends worked against each other, and resulted in great turmoil within the United States.
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