Origin of the universe

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Summary

· There are main theories about the origin of the universe

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1. The big bang theory, which suggests that the universe began in an enormous explosion and galaxies are merely pieces flying outwards as a result of this, and the universe is evolving.

. The steady state theory, suggests that the universe didn't have a single movement of creation and that the universe is static.

· The universe began 15000 mya.

· Solar systems are parts of galaxies our solar system consists of planets and is part of the Milky Way galaxy.

· Our earth was formed by homogenous mixture of gases/compounds, which then generated heat from the 1. Material accretion, . Decay of radiation material, . Proximity to the sun. Leads to increase temp, increase pressure, which leads to partial melting of planet, which lead to more dense substances moving to the core. And lighter material floating to the crust then hardening to form the crust. Then the mantle was formed gases were released from the interior to form the atmosphere. Condensation occurs and cools to form oceans. Living cells evolve.

· Life evolved from a collection of complex molecules including c, h, o and n, which combined to form a protein. Which in turn produced the 1st living cell called a Prokaryotic call (no defined nucleus) and just one cell unicellular. The first cells relied on fermentation to produce energy to survive as cells became more advanced they created their own method of making energy called photosynthesis these organism which did photosynthesis had a huge advantage over those which relied on fermentation and soon became more numerous.

· As organisms evolved so did the atmosphere an ozone was formed by o combining with o to create ozone o, then methane was removed from the atmosphere by a reaction of gases and as the boom of photosynthetic plants continued to grow so did the amount of o in the atmosphere as o is a waste product of photosynthesis the level of co also decreased as it was being used in the photosynthetic process.

· Earth climate has changed over time as the ozone was formed and co built up in the ozone which emphasised the greenhouse effect which has caused a steady rate of increase over the past 100 years

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About "I Never Knew"

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in About "I Never Knew", therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your About "I Never Knew" paper at affordable prices! In "I Never Knew" by Mary O. R. Paddock, the voice of the speaker is not only a wife and mother, but the voice of a woman that uses the bitter cold imagery of winter to capture her pain and anger. She speaks not of warmth but of her hatred of the cold. She sees the coldness of winter as a reflection of the coldness in her relationship with her husband, leaving her bitter and lonely.

When I read this poem, I imagine a woman that is very restless and unhappy with her life. She does not describe her life as appealing and desirable. She implies that her relationship with her husband is no longer warm and loving. There is coldness between them. She reveals this coldness when she says "[the cold] crept through / the blanketed depths of our bed." By this, I believe she is expressing that there is no sexual desire or intimacy in their relationship. She is lonely and lies awake at night "sleepless," thinking about the void in her life. She is restless in her life as a wife and mother and yearns for something more. When she says "My breath dusted the air", perhaps she has tried to talk to her husband about how unhappy she is, and the loneliness she is feeling but he is not listening or he doesn't hear her. Perhaps in the coldness between them, they have stopped communicating with each other altogether. The foundation on which they have built their life together is fading more and more as each night passes.

When she says, "so many times I woke up / already tired of morning" she reveals that she no longer looks forward to getting up in the morning. She does not look forward to a new day. She has grown tired of her routine as wife and mother. When she says, "How I dreaded the trek into the kitchen to pour coffee, / spilling creamer off the edge of the spoon in my shivered hurry," I believe she wanted to avoid her husband's cold presence in the kitchen. When she writes "Bound by thermal socks and long johns / I slide-stepped down the stairs," she not only reveals her feelings of confinement and loneliness, but I also sense that she no longer considers herself attractive. Maybe this stems from her cold relationship with her husband. She can't wait to leave the bedroom and go downstairs. One can almost miss the irony of her going downstairs when she says, "to divine heat from a few pieces of wet cedar." It is not warmth that she is dancing down the stairs to but she would rather be downstairs than in the much colder bedroom with her husband.

The speaker reveals the real bitterness of the loneliness in her life of coldness when she asks "Have I ever told you how I felt about shredding my Christmas tea towels?" I believe these "Christmas tea towels" were once special to her. They symbolize a time of warmth, as well as, socialization. Perhaps because of the coldness between them, they no longer socialize with friends. She says she shredded the tea towels "to fill the gaps in the windows." Somehow, this leaves me with a feeling that she may have given up something in her past such as a career or dream for him but more importantly, she is bitter that they do not interact with one another; there is no companionship. She says, "Those mistletoe prints stopped drafts from chafing our children's faces." The children do not see the coldness between them. She provides a warm environment for them and pretends as though everything is okay so that they won't know. When she says "I don't think so," she does so coldly. In the coldness between them, she never told him how she felt.

I can only speculate about why there was coldness between this woman and her husband. When I first read this poem, I noticed the voice is in past tense, which gave me a sense of loss or separation. I kept looking for a hint of abuse, violence, even death, to no avail. I was looking for something that might explain to me the reason their relationship was so cold. I was surprised in the end when she says, "How close I came to leaving you." I can't help but ask why didn't she leave? Then I realized that she stays because she loves her husband and is only bitter of the coldness between them.

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Leadership

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on leadership. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality leadership paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in leadership, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your leadership paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! Morning yall…

Yesterday I was reminded that I had to do a talk on friendships, and unusually nothing immediately came to my mind. However, last night I was looking through the red book that Mrs. Larkin gave all of us a number of weeks back now and realised how complex friendships actually are. I took note of some of the points involved in creating

friendships and maintaining them. There were six words written in bold. Loyalty, commitment, honesty, trust, generosity, and understanding. Thinking back on my four years at Burke Hall I really can't see any times where these words were connected with friends. I can really only see friends back then as people I would chill with at lunchtimes. Unless we were both interested in the same sport there was no real connection. That's probably one of the reasons why I'm not friends with those people anymore. Was there really a connection in the first place??? Don't put your hand up for these question, but, think to yourself…Have you ever told you friends about problems your having at home??? What about problems that your having with other friends??? Or problems your having with teachers??? When your younger you are still unsure about yourself and really don't have a lot of courage to do discuss personal issues. I've changed a lot as a person since my time at Burke Hall and at since then also straightened out my priorities. Last year, I would be playing basketball every Friday night and nearly every Saturday night. While I was having some fun playing so much, I didn't realise the real fun that I was missing out on. I quit both comps and since then friendships I already had grew, and I also made new ones at the same time. Although it gave me a lot more spare time. Quitting basketball was probably the best decision I've made in terms of friendships. It is a reminder that as peoples lives change, so to they change as well and become better blokes.

Back on the six words I highlighted earlier and to me I see the most important word being ‘understanding'. A friendship is built around two people understanding each other. If there is no understanding between you then there is no friendship. If your making an attempt to be friendly to a person and see what happens from there, then the other person just turns around to you and go ‘HA', then there is no understanding. Don't bother building friendships with people who u can't understand.

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Generosity - Being generous to someone doesn't mean you two will be life long friends. If someone at the tuck shop asked for bucks and you thought…oh I'll be generous to this guy cause he's the most popular guy in the year level and he might be my friend.' Then don't give him the money, cause normally the most popular guy in the year level isn't the best bloke. He's only the most popular because he pulls in chicks and everyone wants a piece of the action. He won't have any understanding, and probably no generosity because he thinks he ‘too cool' to give out his generosity.

Trust - Many friendships don't maintain without trust. Coming into friendships later in life, especially when you may go out on weekends and do things you shouldn't be doing, you expect your friends to be trustworthy and not tell your parents. I know that within my friendships there is plenty of trust as I would not expect any of them go around telling people what I have been doing, when I shouldn't have been doing that. If your so called ‘friend' is going to tell your parents that you were drunk on the weekend or tell the teacher that you've gone for a smoke at lunch time then there is no trust between the pair.

Commitment. Around Xavier there doesn't seem to be many people who would highly regard commitment as a key to building and maintaining friendships. Commitment is more what you see in an American soapie, between a guy and a gal about 0-5 years old who want commitment in their relationship.

Loyalty and Honest and two words that I see a connection between. The key to both words is being true. This is so important in older teenage friendships when you think you are allowed to be doing something because you are allowed to, whereas you have not been told the truth. Always tell the truth to friends…if your not going to tell the truth, then say nothing at all.

Furthermore in the booklet is said to give your opinion as to why some friendships break down…Immediately a friendship cannot exist between two people is those six key words, Loyalty, commitment, honesty, trust, generosity and understanding, don't exist. If you see someone as being a friend, however he doesn't tell you the truth, then why the hell is he your friend.

I can remember when I was at Burke Hall there was a massive emphasis on bullying. As you grow older you will find that bullying still occurs, however as people's bodies mature, it may not end in tears, however with someone on a hospital bed. At the Senior School you don't notice a lot of bullying, a lot of things said are all in good humour, however there is a limit in which a person can push another person to their boundaries, and violence for some can be the only escape. Now I'm not telling you to get into a fight with someone who bullies who, however realise that everyone has their weaknesses, don't put up with bullying. If someone calls you ugly have a go back at them with something twice as offensive. If you are being bullied, I recommend you get on the internet, look at a joke website and search for a few your mommas so fat classics…tell this to the bully next time they do it and then tell them to get hell out of hear…

- Catch

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Donne uses many metaphors

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Donne uses many metaphors throughout the poem, most having to do with the flea itself. One example of this use of metaphor concerning the flea is the line in which he says, This flea is you and I... This method of using metaphors is what the entire poem is about. Without comparing the flea to such things as their marriage bed, this suitor would have no line for his lady at all. The metaphors add a comical aspect, for those who have a sense of humor, in that he is able to compare all of these complicated, universal concepts to a flea.

In conjunction with Donne's use of metaphors, symbolism is equally important and equally abundant. The use of the flea as a symbol seems to be divided by the stanzas. In the first stanza, the flea is a symbol of the union between this man and woman. In the second stanza, the speaker expands the symbol to make the flea the entire world in which the union of their love physically exists. Finally in the third stanza, after the woman has crushed the flea without another thought, the flea becomes a symbol of the triviality of her concerns that through losing her innocence, she will also lose her honor.

Besides symbols, Donne spreads some imagery throughout the poem. A prime example of this would be the visual imagery incurred by the line, And cloistered in these walls of living jet. This line immediately brings to mind a small, dark, secretive place such as that within the flea. However, imagery is not widely used in this poem, which helps to keep it light, on a superficial level. Without sinking deep into the imagery, the reader is allowed to keep a perspective on what the poem is truly about, a come-on.

Of course, in a poem such as this, connotations, specifically sexual connotations are abundant. Lines such as It sucked me first and now sucks thee or And pampered swells with one blood made of two is drenched with sexual undertones. The purpose of this use of connotations, if nothing else, is to give the reader insight into the speaker's intentions, and perhaps more accurately, just where his mind is while he is spouting his charm.

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Donne's use of connotations, among the other various methods of writing poetry helps to set the tone of a poem that is, indeed, little more than what some poor seventeenth century woman might here behind a stable, spouted by some quick-witted suitor.

Please note that this sample paper on Donne uses many metaphors is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Donne uses many metaphors, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Donne uses many metaphors will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The lack of Success

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The Lack of Success

Was the lack of effective bilingual education a reason for Luis to become a gang member on the streets? Bilingual education is the means for children to express their knowledge. At least today, some kids are retained in the same grade level for not knowing how to read or write in English. If students were to be taught in a bilingual manner, things would be different. For example, kids do not know how to pronounce or read syllables. Spanish is helpful when it is taught the appropriate way. Teaching Spanish will help kids learn syllables and pronounce them. Since this country is basically made up of immigrants, the primary language of many children is Spanish, English being the secondary language. It is harder for small, elementary children to learn anything in a language that they have not ever heard before, meaning that one day they speak and hear Spanish and the other they hear English. This is how children are expected to learn, from one day to another. Bilingual education helps children develop skills and be familiar with what is being taught to them, rather than have them give up at the moment when they experience something difficult.

Bilingual education is Spanish and English teachings at school. There are different cultures that immigrate here to the United States, but the most two spoken languages are Spanish and English. Under The Elementary School Journal many different approaches to implement bilingual education are stated. The most frequent method that is used is the transitional method. "Valadez and Wong-Fillmore offered a concise rationale for the transitional bilingual education model as the best way to ensure high levels of literacy for language-minority students." This article states how this method works throughout the child's elementary education. Transitional language is a program where students are taught in their primary language, Spanish, and then moved on to the mainstream, English only classrooms. Basically, students are being prepared to enter the mainstream. This program is used at the first grade up to the third grade.

Education Digest, explains and states the need for bilingual education. Parents take part in this also. Some parents are concerned because their children have remained in the same class for more than seven years. This article has statistics that relate to today. Since students are taught in a different language that is all new to them, they feel trapped. They are not comfortable speaking a new language, rather than being taught in their language and mixing both languages. For those who drop out of school, they find that as an exit. How can they go to school to understand and learn, when going to school is a totally different world to them? This article also shows the many propositions that were developed in order to be passed. For example, "The institution has commissioned several important studies on bilingual education and the impact of Prop. 7. One report, by Kenji Hakuta- carrying the title ‘How long Does it Take English Language Learners to Become Proficient?' found that the acquiring of oral proficiency in English proficiency can take from three to five years and that academic English proficiency can take from four to seven years'." Studies under this research also show that those who developed sufficient English proficiency to leave those classes during their school careers. This is how bilingual education works when it has been researched and studied.

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There have been made many researches under bilingual education, but there is one research that I understand the most. First of all the research gives a little background information. For example, there were many programs that were made in order to bring up this research. "Bilingual education programs that are long term in structure and implemented in using the native language, as well as English, across grade levels, are commonly known as maintenance bilingual education (MBE) programs." Secondly, the article explains how the research would work under the school's population. For example, "Hispanics constituted % of the total school population at the time of this study, and there were approximately 7,810 Spanish-speaking LEP students." Under this same research "Students who are already proficient in Spanish and are learning a second language (English), as well as children who start school with limited skills in both languages, are provided the opportunity to become fluent in both languages." These studies involved research on gender. Researchers tried to see who it affected the most by being taught bilingually and in English also. It also explained the different methods that were being used under the study. These studies led to the point where school, teachers, and students were involved. The method is called the instructional program. "The instructional focus of all classes in the study was language development, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Spanish." However, "English language development, for the most part, focused on oral skill development (listening and speaking)." Basically the Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, explains and describes in detail how studies on Bilingual education do help in the educational learning for elementary students.

Bilingual education is the way to bring success into children. The knowledge and the learning of these kids depends on the way that they are being taught. If Luis was taught in bilingual education, he would have been more than just a gang member on the streets. Having bilingual education determines the future and the success children will have.

Please note that this sample paper on The lack of Success is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The lack of Success, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The lack of Success will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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DBQ on WWI

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on DBQ on WWI. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality DBQ on WWI paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in DBQ on WWI, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your DBQ on WWI paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service! The reason for the outbreak of World War II is not certain. It is no debate that there are many different perspectives on the main cause of the Second World War. Some believe the war may have broke out because of the weakness of the League of Nations. While others believe it was the unnecessary Munich Agreement, or act of appeasement, that led to war. (D-7) While many people think the war began simply because of strong nationalism in some countries.

Before the start of World War I many people hoped for world peace from the League of Nations. For a short period of time, the league was helping to create a more peaceful world. This all ended when militarism began to be encouraged by dictatorships in the 10's. (Text. Pg.68) Since Britain was weekend by the results of WWI, they tried to avoid war that would further weaken their economy at all costs. The League was weak for many different reasons. One being that the three countries that were the biggest threats of peace were in the League- Germany, Japan, and Italy. While, the united States and the Soviet union were not members. This was a problem because The United States and the Soviet Union were the only two counties at this point, which would be able to stand up to dictators. At this point, the League of Nations was truly no help, no country could rely on them, and there response was ineffective. (D-)

The Munich Agreement is known by many as "unnecessary." The Czech defenses were very strong, so there was no true reason for this agreement. (D-7) At this point, there was no proof that Hitler would go through with war if he did not get what he wanted. In this agreement the Czechs basically gave right into Hitler's demand, making him more powerful then he was before. Yet, the Czechs seamed happy about this because they did not think they would have to go to war now. (D-4) At the time Chamberlain was accused of weakness in not standing up to Hitler. It was ironic because the agreement was supposed to keep peace in Europe. Yet, by giving into all of the demands it seamed to just give Hitler more power, and create more tension in the world.

During the 10' there were different countries that had a strong nationalistic belief, though one country stood out. This country was Germany, with such a powerful leader as Hitler, who was supported by such a large majority of the German people. (D-8) Hitler refereed to his followers as the "superior race" and he believed they were destined to rule over the "lesser people (Class notes)." Hitler wanted to dominate not only Europe, but the whole world. He believed he could do anything, and he should in order to unite all the German-speaking people. Hitler seamed to of wanted a war, as he said, that he was being held back by a "mighty sword." (D-1) He wanted lebensraum (living space) in order to gain self-sufficiency, and would stop at nothing before he got it. Even if it meant another World War

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There were many different responses to the threat of war before World War II began. Though the favorable response may have been appeasement, it seams now that collective security may have been more useful. Many thought that the best way to keep peace was to hold back the aggressor. (D-6) Yet, some countries seamed to fear collective security because they were afraid to make alliances remembering World War I. The idea of appeasement turned out for the worst when each time concessions were made Hitler felt stronger. This made him want more, and not stop till he conquered everything he wanted. Appeasement is supposed to be the act of making concessions to avoid war. However, during this time, it seamed to bring the world closer to an unwanted war.

The Second World War was caused by Fascist aggression and the failure of democratic powers to stop this aggression. There were two sides of the cause, both affecting the outcome. Not one being more important than the other, but both mattering somewhat. You could blame some countries for not standing up to Hitler, and not denying him of his demands, or you could simply blame Hitler for wanting so much. It is known that the war may have been stopped by stronger democratic powers before 1. So since there is not one set cause no one specifically knows what could have stopped the war.

Please note that this sample paper on DBQ on WWI is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on DBQ on WWI, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on DBQ on WWI will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Extacy

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In every club in every city there is a trend of the synthetic drug known as ecstasy. There have been cases of death and long term damage due to taking it. Though doctors do not exactly know the total truth about what it does, they do know that probably nothing is good about it.

Methylenedioxymethaamphetamine or MDMA the chemical which is known as ecstasy, E, or x, is a stimulant and hallucinogenic drug that is made in pill form and is ingested. It is known to cause euphoria through out the body and a better sense of sight and sound. You can find it in any suburban town mostly because it is an expensive habit that costs about 2 to 3 dollars to make and is sold anywhere from 10 to even 40 dollars a pill.

The first preparation and description of MDMA was through a patent issued by the E. Merck Pharmaceutical firm in Darmstadt, Germany, in 1912. The drug was developed as an appetite suppressant but never became commercially successful. It resurfaced in the 1950's as a method of lowering inhibitions in patients undergoing psychoanalysis.1 The patients said that the MDMA gave them a sense of closeness with other people. They believed it let down barriers or filters to free communication and aided in the introspective analysis of one's psyche.2

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Then in 1983 there was a study done at a college on 29 volunteering students and medical professors, in which they ingested MDMA. There out come seemed pretty much the same, it said MDMA was found to be an adjunct to insight oriented psychotherapy and to facilitate intimacy and communication between people.3 But in July of 1985, the drug was put on a schedule 1 category by the food and drug administration, which made it nearly impossible to get your hands on it. Because of the FDA choice, the use of MDMA for psychoanalytical purposes was stopped. After all the hearings from the FDA about the use of MDMA is when the trend of adolescence started using.

They think the recreational use began in England, Ireland and college campuses in the U.S. and the drug use started to increase. By the 1990's it exploded, cases of ingestion reported by the Irish poison information center increased 130 percent from January 1991 to June 1992.4 Recreational use by college students surveyed at a private southern university increased from 8 percent in 1986 to 24 percent in 1991.5 MDMA started to blowup in the early 1990's because of the new trend called "raves" where hundreds of kids of the age from 14 to 24 would take up abandoned warehouses and relieve the stress of adolescence.

Though not known exactly how MDMA effects humans, they've noticed in studies of rat's, rabbits, and non human primates that the serotonergic neurons were damaged. Human studies of the effect of MDMA, which have been limited to indirect analysis through assays of cerebrospinal fluid obtained from patients, have shown conflicting results. Some studies have found a reduction in serotonin metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting a general deppression or loss of serotonin from the brain. And another showed no such loss of the serotonin metabolites.6 the results were difficult to figure out because the study was uncontrolled. In Europe they are now doing controlled tests on MDMA to see if it can be used for post traumatic stress disorder, and testing the neurotoxicity in humans as well.

For these tests, the animals are injected with doses up to the equivalent of 45 street doses of MDMA over a period of several days. Changes in the brains of apes and monkeys have been observed when the dosage was 5.o mg of MDMA per Kg or body weight twice a day for 4 days. This is the equivalent of a one to two average E tablets a day for a human weighing 125 lbs.7 So what that is saying is that

there loading the lab animals up with very large doses of MDMA, so doing tests on humans who use the drug makes it very hard for scientists to decipher how much they took and if it is that dangerous.

People have died on ecstasy but the numbers are so minute that it makes you think that tobacco and alcohol should be illegal to. No one really knows the cause of ecstasy related deaths but what they think, is that when you are ecstasy your body temperature rises and dehydration occurs. So what the have seen in most of these fatalities is that death occurred from the body over heating. It is very strange when the news and media hype up when someone dies on ecstasy when the death rate in the U.K. is from 5 to 8 a year. Compare these statistics with the equivalent for the drugs we use legally. Every year, 125,000 people die from smoking tobacco. A further 20,000 die alcohol related deaths. This does not include those people who die in car accidents or alcohol fueled violence. Emergency-room statistics for alcohol versus ecstasy show a similar trend- many more people get in trouble on alcohol than ecstasy.8

There are said to be six different ways to make MDMA. And you can find these ways on the internet rather easily.

You need some specialized equipment and some know how in organic chemical synthesis. Black market manufacturers recommend one to two years of undergraduate chemistry experience. Which make it not that difficult to make MDMA. But if the chemicals are not mixed exactly right or the ingredients are impure, it can cause the pill to be very potent which could cause excessive over heating of the body. Or the pill could be toxic, which is probably the only other reason for death on ecstasy.

I think if MDMA was made an over the counter drug and made legal there might not be any deaths from it. Because it would be pure and manufactured correctly. But since it is not people are still going to take there chances in getting that bad pill and possibly dying. My advice to people is don't do it and you wont know what it feels like, because in my opinion is that it is definitely horrible for you.

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